{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:33:35Z","timestamp":1781534015328,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Regional Development Fund of the European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2EDK-02178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-02178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101135930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101135930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["101135930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101135930"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Network"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Weather forecasting, given the ever-increasing occurrence of climate change-induced events, has been widely introduced as a method to offer accurate and timely forecasts for proactive measures and risk mitigation. Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) offers promising solutions for short-term weather forecasting, contributing to the advancement of sustainable and efficient weather monitoring technologies. This work presents everWeather_2.0, a significantly enhanced low-cost and self-powered AIoT-based weather forecasting station, which addresses key challenges in power consumption, user engagement and forecasting accuracy. The proposed end-to-end Cloud-Edge-IoT (CEI) proof-of-concept solution improves upon its predecessor by combining a more robust renewable energy subsystem for complete power autonomy with a series of lightweight, adaptive statistical models for on-device forecasting and an integrated display for on-site user engagement. Deployed in a real-world scenario, the station demonstrated seamless operation and high short-term forecasting accuracy for the thermodynamic variables during the pilot deployment period, with model errors observed as low as 2% for 30 min forecasts to 4.3% for 120 min intervals, validating its applicability in real-time and continuous physical weather monitoring. While wind speed and rainfall were monitored, they were excluded from the current accuracy metrics due to their high volatility and the insufficient number of events recorded during the pilot period to ensure reliable modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/network6020034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:17:58Z","timestamp":1779812278000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-Time AIoT-Driven Weather Forecasting on the Edge for Off-Grid Settings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9829-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Polymeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Information and Telecommunication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Spanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6914-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Georgiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5843-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Pechlivanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Tsiktsiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6060-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Athanasakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6381-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Votis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6915-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tzovaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8237-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kormentzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Telecommunication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19718-6","article-title":"A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures","volume":"29","author":"Abbass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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