{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:16:25Z","timestamp":1771467385512,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/05037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05037\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04928\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04928\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UI\/BD\/151279\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/151279\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Publications"],"abstract":"<jats:p>International business scholars have recognized the importance of the contextual embeddedness of firms. However, how they matter remains a contested question. Although recent efforts have been made to review the field, it remains unclear how institutions affect firms\u2019 performance. We aim at answering the following research question: How is the intellectual and the conceptual structure of the institutions and firms\u2019 performance field defined? We searched in the WoS and Scopus databases with pre-determined keywords, and we obtained a sample of 1063 articles that we analyzed by conducting the citation and co-citation analyses, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and thematic map analysis. Our bibliometric results portrayed how the intellectual and conceptual structure of the field has evolved. We contribute to the international business literature by providing a one-stop overview of the field, thus identifying current accomplishments and future research avenues on the relationship between institutions and firms\u2019 performance. By analyzing the articles included on the Emerging and Niche clusters, we discuss future research avenues on the topics of sustainability, entrepreneurship, political ties, and institutional quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/publications10010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1645129601000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Institutions and Firms\u2019 Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Avenues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8222-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CARME\u2014Centre of Applied Research in Management and Economics, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena\u2013Alto Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra CeBER, Avenida Doutor Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra CeBER, Avenida Doutor Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4544-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno Rosa","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARME\u2014Centre of Applied Research in Management and Economics, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena\u2013Alto Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena\u2013Alto Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intman.2020.100756","article-title":"Institutional voids and firms\u2019 resource commitment in emerging markets: A review and future research agenda","volume":"26","author":"Liedong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-019-00294-w","article-title":"The construct of institutional distance through the lens of different institutional perspectives: Review, analysis, and recommendations","volume":"51","author":"Kostova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-018-0201-5","article-title":"The dubious role of institutions in international business: A road forward","volume":"50","author":"Aguilera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/gsj.1342","article-title":"Clarifying the relationships between institutions and global strategy","volume":"9","author":"Mudambi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Strategy J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2015.06.002","article-title":"Institutional development and firm profitability in transition economies","volume":"51","author":"Kafouros","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2015.08.016","article-title":"International strategy: From local to global and beyond","volume":"51","author":"Hitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intman.2020.100811","article-title":"Country institutional environments and international strategy: A review and analysis of the research","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2020.101690","article-title":"Foreign location decisions through an institutional lens: A systematic review and future research agenda","volume":"29","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2020.101666","article-title":"Host country risk and foreign ownership strategy: Meta-analysis and theory on the moderating role of home country institutions","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Home country institutions and the internationalization-performance relationship: A meta-analytic review","volume":"42","author":"Marano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intman.2016.06.001","article-title":"Home country institutional effects on the multinationality\u2013performance relationship: A comparison between emerging and developed market multinationals","volume":"22","author":"Geleilate","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrone, P., Duran, P., G\u00f3mez-Mej\u00eda, L., Heugens, P.P., Kostova, T., and van Essen, M. (2020). Impact of informal institutions on the prevalence, strategy, and performance of family firms: A meta-analysis. J. Int. Bus. Stud.","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-020-00362-6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0312896219877678","article-title":"Conducting systematic literature reviews and bibliometric analyses","volume":"45","author":"Linnenluecke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.070","article-title":"How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines","volume":"133","author":"Donthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1057\/s41270-020-00081-9","article-title":"Why and how to merge Scopus and Web of Science during bibliometric analysis: The case of sales force literature from 1912 to 2019","volume":"8","author":"Echchakoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mark. Anal."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Scott, W.R. (1995). Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1086\/226550","article-title":"Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony","volume":"83","author":"Meyer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2307\/258788","article-title":"Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches","volume":"20","author":"Suchman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2307\/2095101","article-title":"The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields","volume":"48","author":"DiMaggio","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"North, D.C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808678"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03165-1","article-title":"Mapping the literature on credit unions: A bibliometric investigation grounded in Scopus and Web of Science","volume":"120","author":"Maia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.03.037","article-title":"Half a century of research on corporate diversification: A new comprehensive framework","volume":"114","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBBM.2019.097725","article-title":"Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A bibliometric review and future research avenues","volume":"1","author":"Reis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bibliometr. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"5","article-title":"Two decades of management research on emerging economies: A citation and co-citation review","volume":"50","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Stud. Manag. Organ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122901","article-title":"Palm oil and its environmental impacts: A big data analytics study","volume":"274","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Informetr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2014.03.015","article-title":"Mergers & acquisitions research: A bibliometric study of top strategy and international business journals, 1980\u20132010","volume":"67","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2591-8","article-title":"Visualizing the context of citations referencing papers published by Eugene Garfield: A new type of keyword co-occurrence analysis","volume":"114","author":"Bornmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-010-0259-8","article-title":"Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence: A first look at journal papers in Technology Foresight","volume":"85","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120522","article-title":"Entrepreneurial universities: A bibliometric analysis within the business and management domains","volume":"165","author":"Forliano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.067","article-title":"Franchising research on emerging markets: Bibliometric and content analyses","volume":"133","author":"Bretas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis and Visualization of Citation Networks","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Synth. Lect. Inf. Concept Retrival Serv."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"41","article-title":"Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets","volume":"75","author":"Khanna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"99","article-title":"Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage","volume":"17","author":"Barney","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2307\/258610","article-title":"Strategic responses to institutional processes","volume":"16","author":"Oliver","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2307\/1556394","article-title":"Strategy in emerging economies","volume":"43","author":"Hoskisson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2307\/30040713","article-title":"Institutional transitions and strategic choices","volume":"28","author":"Peng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(76)90026-X","article-title":"Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure","volume":"3","author":"Jensen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Financ. Econ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2005.00487.x","article-title":"Strategy research in emerging economies: Challenging the conventional wisdom","volume":"42","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8400377","article-title":"An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies","volume":"39","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Pfeffer, J., and Salancik, G. (1978). The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, Harper & Row."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.2307\/1556406","article-title":"Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2007.25275684","article-title":"Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility","volume":"32","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.2307\/257072","article-title":"Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support","volume":"39","author":"Xin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199704)18:4<303::AID-SMJ869>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"The corporate social performance\u2013financial performance link","volume":"18","author":"Waddock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840603024003910","article-title":"Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Orlitzky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Organ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Aiken, L.S., West, S.G., and Reno, R.R. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.720","article-title":"Institutions, resources, and entry strategies in emerging economies","volume":"30","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199710)18:9<697::AID-SMJ909>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Sustainable competitive advantage: Combining institutional and resource-based views","volume":"18","author":"Oliver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2307\/3069293","article-title":"Adoption of an organizational practice by subsidiaries of multinational corporations: Institutional and relational effects","volume":"45","author":"Kostova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(89)90102-6","article-title":"An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs","volume":"31","author":"Kamada","year":"1989","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.605","article-title":"The role of managers\u2019 political networking and functional experience in new venture performance: Evidence from China\u2019s transition economy","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1509\/jm.75.1.1","article-title":"The effects of business and political ties on firm performance: Evidence from China","volume":"75","author":"Sheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2008.31193458","article-title":"\u201cImplicit\u201d and \u201cexplicit\u201d CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility","volume":"33","author":"Matten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/joms.12331","article-title":"Corporate governance in China: A meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Mutlu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004","article-title":"Corporate governance and firm performance in emerging markets: Evidence from Turkey","volume":"28","author":"Ciftci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-018-0202-4","article-title":"Who appropriates centrality rents? The role of institutions in regulating social networks in the global Islamic finance industry","volume":"51","author":"Kock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matinez-Garcia, I., Basco, R., Gomez-Anson, S., and Boubakri, N. (2020). Ownership concentration in the Gulf cooperation council. Int. J. Emerg. Mark., (advance online publication).","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOEM-03-2020-0290"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.3132","article-title":"Is managerial entrenchment always bad and corporate social responsibility always good? A cross-national examination of their combined influence on shareholder value","volume":"41","author":"Surroca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"100729","article-title":"Institutionalism and its effect on HRM in the ASEAN context: Challenges and opportunities for future research","volume":"30","author":"Do","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/gsj.1160","article-title":"Performance Impact of Temporal Strategic Fit: Entrainment of Internationalization with Pro-Market Reforms","volume":"7","author":"Popli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Strategy J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/bsd2.71","article-title":"Examining economic and technology-related barriers of small-and medium-sized enterprises internationalisation: An emerging economy context","volume":"3","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Dev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1108\/MBE-10-2017-0080","article-title":"Measuring causal relations and identifying critical drivers for corporate sustainability: The quadruple bottom line approach","volume":"23","author":"Budsaratragoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Meas. Bus. Excell."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-11-2017-1191","article-title":"How nation-level background governance conditions shape the economic payoffs of corporate environmental performance","volume":"57","author":"Sandhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120766","article-title":"CSR \u2018sustainability\u2019 practices and firm performance in an emerging economy","volume":"258","author":"Sardana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2019.101066","article-title":"Institutional quality and inclusive strategies at the base of the pyramid","volume":"55","author":"Klein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.12.015","article-title":"Determinants of women entrepreneurs\u2019 firm performance in a hostile environment","volume":"88","author":"Welsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"1650016","article-title":"Business registration and firm performance: Some lessons from India","volume":"21","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dev. Entrep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-016-0425-4","article-title":"Starting-up unregistered and firm performance in Turkey","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Entrep. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2019.101047","article-title":"The role of government affiliation in explaining firm innovativeness and profitability in emerging countries: Evidence from China","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-019-09686-w","article-title":"The double-edged sword effect of political ties on performance in emerging markets: The mediation of innovation capability and legitimacy","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/mor.2015.50","article-title":"Institutional transformation and changing networking patterns in China","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manag. Organ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1017\/mor.2020.37","article-title":"Wining and Dining Government Officials: What Drives Political Networking in Chinese Private Ventures?","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag. Organ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/corg.12367","article-title":"Corporate governance dynamics of political tie formation in emerging economies: Business group affiliation, family ownership, and institutional transition","volume":"29","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corp. Gov. Int. Rev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2021.101803","article-title":"Top management team\u2019s formal network and international expansion of Chinese firms: The moderating role of state ownership and political ties","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/gsj.1194","article-title":"Political ties and firm performance: The effects of proself and prosocial engagement and institutional development","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Strategy J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-019-00221-z","article-title":"Pro-market institutions and global strategy: The pendulum of pro-market reforms and reversals","volume":"50","author":"Gaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2014.05.004","article-title":"How do pro-market reforms impact firm profitability? The case of India under reform","volume":"50","author":"Chari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.11.039","article-title":"Who does it best? Family and nonfamily owners and leaders navigating institutional development in emerging markets","volume":"107","author":"Dau","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2018.07.001","article-title":"Institutional quality and market selection in the transition to market economy","volume":"34","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2044-9","article-title":"Understanding the relevance of national culture in international business research: A quantitative analysis","volume":"108","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2009.24","article-title":"The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership","volume":"40","author":"Johanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2010.28","article-title":"An institutional approach to cross-national distance","volume":"41","author":"Berry","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."}],"container-title":["Publications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6775\/10\/1\/8\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:21:38Z","timestamp":1760134898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6775\/10\/1\/8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["publications10010008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/publications10010008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]}}}