{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T17:28:02Z","timestamp":1774632482938,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05037\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/150977\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150977\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Publications"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this review is to synthesise the accumulated knowledge on Global Innovation Index (GII) research. We utilised a corpus from the Web of Science Core Collection to systematically examine the antecedents, consequences, and relationships among the GII\u2019s dimensions. Additionally, we employed the bibliometric techniques of bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis to identify the leading areas of GII research and the foundational literature in this field. Our systematic review of GII empirical research allowed us to graphically represent the significant relationships among its dimensions. The findings from the bibliographic coupling revealed five recent lines of investigation in GII research: configurational methods; innovation efficiency and policy; competitiveness, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development; innovation rankings; and culture. Furthermore, the co-citation analysis highlighted four clusters of literature that have contributed to GII research. We aim to enhance the field of Innovation Studies by showcasing the current state of research on the GII, one of the most promising tools for measuring innovation activity, and to provide insights into potential future research avenues to further develop this area of study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/publications13030031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T11:15:23Z","timestamp":1750936523000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Measurement of Innovation: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Global Innovation Index Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3754-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Pereira","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Business and Economics Research CeBER, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Manuel Pereira de Oliveira","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Business and Economics Research CeBER, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1465750316655902","article-title":"Entrepreneurial activity and national innovative capacity in selected European countries","volume":"17","author":"Albulescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alidrisi, H. (2021). The development of an efficiency-based global green manufacturing innovation index: An input-oriented DEA approach. Sustainability, 13, (22).","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212697"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-019-0582-0","article-title":"Constructing the reconstruction process: A smooth transition towards knowledge society and economy in post-conflict Syria","volume":"11","author":"Alnafrah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Knowledge Economy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/713670247","article-title":"Looking at national systems of innovation from the South","volume":"7","author":"Arocena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Industry and Innovation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-04948-x","article-title":"Regional disparities in Web of Science and Scopus journal coverage","volume":"129","author":"Asubiaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.101896","article-title":"Global innovation efficiency assessment of EU member and candidate countries via DEA-EATWIOS multi-criteria methodology","volume":"68","author":"Aytekin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-03-2021-0044","article-title":"Efficiency-effectiveness assessment of national innovation systems: Comparative analysis","volume":"13","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03292-9","article-title":"Approach to the identification of an alternative technological innovation index","volume":"122","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124109339369","article-title":"Inferring causal complexity","volume":"38","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116650259","article-title":"Cultural values differentially moderate the benefits of basic education on two types of national innovation outputs","volume":"49","author":"Bendapudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-019-09774-5","article-title":"A bibliometric review of the technology transfer literature","volume":"46","author":"Bengoa","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P10008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008","article-title":"Fast unfolding of communities in large networks","volume":"10","author":"Blondel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1108\/JEPP-04-2016-0015","article-title":"Institutional quality and innovation: Some cross-country evidence","volume":"6","author":"Boudreaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21419","article-title":"Co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and direct citation: Which citation approach represents the research front most accurately?","volume":"61","author":"Boyack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2022.108818","article-title":"Pillars of the global innovation index by income level of economies: Longitudinal data (2011\u20132022) for researchers\u2019 use","volume":"46","year":"2023","journal-title":"Data in Brief"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/1069397118785546","article-title":"Not only individualism: The effects of long-term orientation and other cultural variables on national innovation success","volume":"53","author":"Bukowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cross-Cultural Research"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.04.002","article-title":"Patents as proxy for measuring innovations: A case of changing patent filing behavior in Indian public funded research organizations","volume":"123","author":"Burhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cahyadi, A., and Magda, R. (2021). Digital leadership in the economies of the G20 countries: A secondary research. Economies, 9, (1).","DOI":"10.3390\/economies9010032"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/053901883022002003","article-title":"From translations to problematic networks: An introduction to co-word analysis","volume":"22","author":"Callon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Social Science Information"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-023-03055-w","article-title":"Innovation facilitators and sustainable development: A country comparative approach","volume":"26","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environment, Development and Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-017-9572-1","article-title":"Optimization in R&D intensity and tax on corporate profits for supporting labor productivity of nations","volume":"43","author":"Coccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1108\/INMR-11-2021-0206","article-title":"Innovation performance and its determinants: What does it take to succeed?","volume":"21","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innovation & Management Review"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.04.123","article-title":"Global innovation index: Moving beyond the absolute value of ranking with a fuzzy-set analysis","volume":"69","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.2.156","article-title":"The intellectual development of management information systems, 1972\u20131982: A co-citation analysis","volume":"32","author":"Culnan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"101","article-title":"The role of foreign direct investment in the relationship between global innovation index and gross domestic product","volume":"18","author":"Civelek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gurukul Business Review"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2021.1934435","article-title":"Cultural determinants of national innovativeness: A 56 country Bayesian analysis","volume":"34","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.14807\/ijmp.v12i4.1338","article-title":"Competitiveness influence on global innovation of nations: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"12","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Independent Journal of Management & Production"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempere, J., Qamar, M., Allam, H., and Malik, S. (2023). The impact of innovation on economic growth, foreign direct investment, and self-employment: A global perspective. Economies, 11, (7).","DOI":"10.3390\/economies11070182"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2022.100215","article-title":"What kinds of countries have better innovation performance?\u2013A country-level fsQCA and NCA study","volume":"7","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Innovation & Knowledge"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1470595814554790","article-title":"Innovation and role of corruption and diversity","volume":"15","author":"DiRienzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.25115\/eea.v39i2.3237","article-title":"National systems of innovation in the Eurozone: Policy implications for Spain","volume":"39","author":"Duarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Studies of Applied Economics"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"26","article-title":"The world\u2019s top innovators","volume":"8","author":"Dutta","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Business"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104271","article-title":"Inbound open innovation and innovation performance: A robustness study","volume":"50","author":"Ebersberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D., and Nelson, R. (2006). Systems of innovation: Perspectives and challenges. The Oxford handbook of innovation, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199286805.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.10.008","article-title":"Towards a holistic innovation policy: Can the Swedish National Innovation Council (NIC) be a role model?","volume":"48","author":"Edquist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1108\/IJIS-07-2021-0118","article-title":"National innovation efficiency: A DEA-based measurement of OECD countries","volume":"15","author":"Erdin","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation Science"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"322","article-title":"National culture and innovation: A multidimensional analysis","volume":"19","author":"Espig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innovation and Management Review"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.06.003","article-title":"National innovation systems, capabilities and economic development","volume":"37","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-022-09917-1","article-title":"Capabilities, diversification & economic dynamics in European regions","volume":"48","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.101890","article-title":"The impact of technological and social capabilities on innovation performance: A technological catch-up perspective","volume":"68","author":"Fakhimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131164","article-title":"National innovation systems and sustainability: What is the role of the environmental dimension?","volume":"347","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.9770\/jesi.2023.10.4(16)","article-title":"Research and innovation for sustainability transformation\u2014Modern outlooks and actual challenges","volume":"10","author":"Maiduc","year":"2023","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.3926\/jiem.1525","article-title":"Countries three wise men: Sustainability, innovation, and competitiveness","volume":"8","author":"Fonseca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104423","article-title":"Organizational drivers of innovation: The role of workforce agility","volume":"51","author":"Franco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Freeman, C. (1987). Technology policy and economic performance: Lessons from Japan, Pinter."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"5","article-title":"The \u2018National System of Innovation\u2019 in historical perspective","volume":"19","author":"Freeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cambridge Journal of Economics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00152-4","article-title":"The determinants of national innovative capacity","volume":"31","author":"Furman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.01.007","article-title":"Defining and measuring innovation in all sectors of the economy","volume":"47","author":"Gault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gault, F., Arundel, A., and Kraemer-Mbula, E. (2023). Innovation indicators and measurement: An overview. Handbook of innovation indicators and measurement, Edward Elgar Publishing. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4337\/9781800883024"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gault, F., and Soete, L. (2022). Innovation indicators. Oxford research encyclopedia of business and management, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190224851.013.331"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-05073-5","article-title":"Comparison of datasets citation coverage in Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Crossref, and DataCite","volume":"129","author":"Gerasimov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.06.002","article-title":"Science, accounting and statistics: The input\u2013output framework","volume":"36","author":"Godin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.10.002","article-title":"Review and new evidence on composite innovation indicators for evaluating national performance","volume":"39","author":"Grupp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"283","article-title":"The influence of economic mentality on socio-economic development","volume":"1","author":"Halushka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Financial and Credit Activities: Problems of Theory and Practice"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1798-9","article-title":"Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: A longitudinal and cross-disciplinary comparison","volume":"106","author":"Harzing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"144","article-title":"Regional and global perspectives of the sustainable entrepreneurship","volume":"12","author":"Heidor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ad Alta-Journal of Interdisciplinary Research"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-006-9060-5","article-title":"The entrepreneur as innovator","volume":"31","author":"Link","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture\u2019s consequences: International differences in work-related values, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture\u2019s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations, Sage Publications. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2, (1).","DOI":"10.9707\/2307-0919.1014"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G., and Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations\u2014Software of the mind, McGraw-Hill. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"House, R., Hanges, P., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P., and Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04649-x","article-title":"Identification of national research output using Scopus\/Web of Science Core Collection: A revisit and further investigation","volume":"128","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2022.121850","article-title":"Analysis of global innovation index by structural qualitative association","volume":"182","author":"Huarng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.21272\/mmi.2022.1-18","article-title":"Management of innovation in Azerbaijan: Relationships with competitiveness and sustainable development","volume":"1","author":"Ibraghimov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Marketing and Management of Innovations"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3846\/jbem.2022.17039","article-title":"The impact of innovation framework conditions on corporate digital technology integration: Institutions as facilitators for sustainable digital transformation","volume":"23","author":"Ionescu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Business Economics and Management"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.5172\/impp.2011.13.3.376","article-title":"Creativity and innovation in Saudi Arabia: An overview","volume":"13","author":"Iqbal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-018-0206-0","article-title":"Comparing capitalisms and taking institutional context seriously","volume":"50","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of International Business Studies"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11077-015-9237-6","article-title":"Identifying mechanisms influencing the emergence and success of innovation within national economies: A realist approach","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Policy Sciences"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521011024191","article-title":"Metadata mega mess in Google Scholar","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1515\/cer-2017-0021","article-title":"Efficiency of national innovation systems\u2014Poland and Bulgaria in the context of the global innovation index","volume":"20","author":"Jankowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapoor, H., Ticku, A., Tagat, A., and Karandikar, S. (2021). Innovation in isolation? COVID-19 lockdown stringency and culture-innovation relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.593359"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1108\/IJIS-10-2019-0100","article-title":"Innovation and institutions\u2019 quality: A comparative study between countries","volume":"12","author":"Kawabata","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation Science"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090140103","article-title":"Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers","volume":"14","author":"Kessler","year":"1963","journal-title":"American Documentation"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.04.005","article-title":"Configurational conditions of national innovation capability: A fuzzy set analysis approach","volume":"120","author":"Khedhaouria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.17512\/pjms.2019.19.1.15","article-title":"Analysis of the efficiency of innovation management in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union","volume":"19","author":"Kurmanov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzior, A., Arefieva, O., Kovalchuk, A., Bro\u017cek, P., and Tytykalo, V. (2022). Strategic guidelines for the intellectualization of human capital in the context of innovative transformation. Sustainability, 14, (19).","DOI":"10.3390\/su141911937"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/imig.13035","article-title":"Innovation as a cause of highly skilled migration: Evidence from Greece","volume":"61","author":"Labrianidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H., Chernikov, S., Nagy, S., and Degtereva, E. (2022). The impact of national culture on innovation: A comparative analysis between developed and developing nations during the pre-and post-crisis period 2007\u20132021. Social Sciences, 11, (11).","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11110522"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03238-1","article-title":"The data source of this study is Web of Science Core Collection? Not enough","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121023","article-title":"Caveats for the use of Web of Science core collection in old literature retrieval and historical bibliometric analysis","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04917-w","article-title":"Web of Science Core Collection\u2019s coverage expansion: The forgotten arts &humanities citation index?","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.31784\/zvr.9.1.2","article-title":"Atypical forms of work and business in the creative industry of the European Union","volume":"9","author":"Horvat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zbornik Veleu\u010dili\u0161ta u Rijeci"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-020-00712-7","article-title":"Assessing the origins, evolution and prospects of national innovation systems","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Knowledge Economy"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62018","DOI":"10.4025\/actascitechnol.v45i1.62018","article-title":"Prediction of the innovative capacity of countries based on their cultural dimensions: An analysis of the global innovation index","volume":"45","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Scientiarum. Technology"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMF-02-2018-0064","article-title":"Do stock market and banking sectors development promote innovation efficiency?","volume":"14","author":"Low","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Managerial Finance"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3932(88)90168-7","article-title":"On the mechanics of economic development","volume":"22","author":"Lucas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Monetary Economics"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/13662710601130863","article-title":"National innovation systems\u2014Analytical concept and development tool","volume":"14","author":"Lundvall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Industry & Innovation"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundvall, B. (2010). User-producer relationships, national systems of innovation and internationalisation. National systems of innovation, Anthem Press.","DOI":"10.7135\/UPO9781843318903.004"},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Lundvall, B. (1992). National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning, Pinter Publishers."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00137-8","article-title":"National systems of production, innovation and competence building","volume":"31","author":"Lundvall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12439","article-title":"Theorising moderation in the configurational approach: A guide for identifying and interpreting moderating influences in QCA","volume":"34","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Systems Journal"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04525-0","article-title":"The quality of the web of science data: A longitudinal study on the completeness of authors-addresses links","volume":"127","author":"Maddi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.9770\/jesi.2021.9.2(24)","article-title":"Digital economy: Technological, organizational and cultural contexts for the development of cooperation in Europe","volume":"9","author":"Marino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2023.102206","article-title":"Analysis of European competitiveness based on its innovative capacity and digitalization level","volume":"72","author":"Marti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.qref.2006.12.021","article-title":"Innovation systems and the competitive process in developing economies","volume":"48","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.21272\/mmi.2020.1-04","article-title":"Does fiscal decentralization influence on management efficiency of country innovative development?","volume":"1","author":"Molotok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Marketing and Management of Innovations"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.21272\/mmi.2020.4-13","article-title":"Banking regulations and country\u2019s innovative development: The mediating role of financial development","volume":"4","author":"Mursalov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Marketing and Management of Innovations"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-02-2020-0030","article-title":"Determinants of innovative development on the example of Kazakhstan","volume":"12","author":"Nabieva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.21272\/mmi.2022.4-10","article-title":"The impact of entrepreneurship financial opportunities and business environment on the country\u2019s innovation development and national wealth","volume":"13","author":"Nazarov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Marketing and Management of Innovations"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Nelson, R. (1993). National innovation systems: A comparative analysis, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Nelson, R., and Winter, S. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"OECD (2015). The innovation imperative, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"OECD\/Eurostat (2018). Oslo manual 2018: Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation, OECD Publishing, Eurostat. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of external innovation capacity on company level innovativeness","volume":"6","author":"Okatan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2021.1980209","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of the global innovation index: Statistical and strategic approach","volume":"35","author":"Oturakci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102310","article-title":"Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in information systems and marketing","volume":"58","author":"Pappas","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"1940007","article-title":"Estimation of the country ranking scores on the global innovation index 2016 using the artificial neural network method","volume":"16","author":"Kalkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5937\/sjm18-32136","article-title":"Structural PCA-MLR model of the innovation environment in BRICS countries","volume":"18","author":"Petkovski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Serbian Journal of Management"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragin, C. (2008). Redesigning social inquiry: Fuzzy sets and beyond, University of Chicago Press.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226702797.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/1069397111423898","article-title":"Hofstede and Shane revisited","volume":"46","author":"Rinne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cross-Cultural Research"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1086\/261420","article-title":"Increasing returns and long-run growth","volume":"94","author":"Romer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1086\/261725","article-title":"Endogenous technological change","volume":"98","author":"Romer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.14488\/BJOPM.2019.v16.n4.a11","article-title":"Similarity modeling with ideal solution for comparative analysis of projects in the context of the additional BRICS proposal","volume":"16","author":"Saisse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2018.03.003","article-title":"Are there any relationships between technology and cultural values? A country-level trend study of the association between information communication technology and cultural values","volume":"55","author":"Salehan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"key":"ref_118","unstructured":"Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development, Harvard University Press."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"85","article-title":"Beyond individualism-collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values","volume":"Vol. 18","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(92)90033-N","article-title":"Why do some societies invent more than others?","volume":"7","author":"Shane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(93)90011-S","article-title":"Cultural influences on national rates of innovation","volume":"8","author":"Shane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2023.104783","article-title":"Unpacking the intellectual structure of ecosystem research in innovation studies","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-03948-5","article-title":"The journal coverage of Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis","volume":"126","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630240406","article-title":"Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents","volume":"24","author":"Small","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2015.1104412","article-title":"Re-evaluation of global innovation index based on a structural equation model","volume":"28","author":"Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/1884513","article-title":"A contribution to the theory of economic growth","volume":"70","author":"Solow","year":"1956","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2022.104538","article-title":"The intellectual evolution of the technological catch-up literature: Bibliometric analysis","volume":"51","author":"Radosevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.21272\/mmi.2020.4-25","article-title":"Impact of gender aspects of sustainable entrepreneurship on country innovative development","volume":"4","author":"Starchenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Marketing and Management of Innovations"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1069397111409124","article-title":"Personality, nations, and innovation","volume":"46","author":"Steel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cross-Cultural Research"},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"296","article-title":"National innovation performance: The role of human capital and social capital","volume":"33","author":"Suseno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"127","article-title":"Strategic analysis of innovation-based competitiveness in the global economy","volume":"9","author":"Tarnenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Montenegrin Journal of Economics"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2010.10.001","article-title":"Does culture still matter?: The effects of individualism on national innovation rates","volume":"27","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.12.014","article-title":"Culture as antecedent of national innovation performance: Evidence from neo-configurational perspective","volume":"125","author":"Tekic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-09-2020-0144","article-title":"Feedback effects of economic growth on innovation: A country-level empirical study","volume":"13","author":"Thangavelu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/21568316.2022.2146740","article-title":"Does tourism matter to national innovation capability?","volume":"20","author":"Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tourism Planning & Development"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.02.023","article-title":"A data envelopment analysis and local partial least squares approach for identifying the optimal innovation policy direction","volume":"285","author":"Tziogkidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"101","article-title":"World experience of stimulating innovative development of economy","volume":"12","author":"Varaksina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ad Alta-Journal of Interdisciplinary Research"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2023.2276318","article-title":"Innovation-driven economic growth under global turbulence: How countries strengthen innovation systems to deal with threats","volume":"33","author":"Vlasova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2020.1832211","article-title":"Configurational differences of national innovation capability: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis approach","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2015.05.004","article-title":"National innovation systems and the intermediary role of industry associations in building institutional capacities for innovation in developing countries: A critical review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Watkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-005-1994-8","article-title":"Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development","volume":"24","author":"Wennekers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630320302","article-title":"Author cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure","volume":"32","author":"White","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"ref_143","unstructured":"Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., Rivera Le\u00f3n, L., and Wunsch-Vincent, S. (2023). Global innovation index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty, World Intellectual Property Organization."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.12.021","article-title":"Moving beyond multiple regression analysis to algorithms: Calling for adoption of a paradigm shift from symmetric to asymmetric thinking in data analysis and crafting theory","volume":"66","author":"Woodside","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.113323","article-title":"Configural analysis of GII\u2019s internal structure","volume":"154","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.08.013","article-title":"Causal complexity analysis of the global innovation index","volume":"137","author":"Yu","year":"2021a","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121019","article-title":"Configural analysis of innovation for exploring economic growth","volume":"172","author":"Yu","year":"2021b","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijis.2022.11.001","article-title":"R&D synergy between local and foreign-owned enterprises in post-communist economies","volume":"7","author":"Yurevich","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation Studies"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850017","DOI":"10.1142\/S1363919618500172","article-title":"The importance of cultural values and trust for innovation\u2014A European study","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation Management"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03387-8","article-title":"A tale of two databases: The use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-021-00724-x","article-title":"The impact of innovation systems on e-commerce capacity","volume":"13","author":"Zygiaris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Knowledge Economy"}],"container-title":["Publications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6775\/13\/3\/31\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:59:20Z","timestamp":1760032760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6775\/13\/3\/31"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["publications13030031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/publications13030031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]}}}