{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:17:31Z","timestamp":1775042251637,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Publications"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The abstract is a crucial component of a research article. Abstracts head the text\u2014and sometimes they can appear alone in separate listings (e.g., conference proceedings). The purpose of the abstract is to inform the reader succinctly what the paper is about, why and how the research was carried out, and what conclusions might be drawn. In this paper we consider the same (or a similar) abstract in 13 different formats to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/publications5020011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T12:24:47Z","timestamp":1493814287000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Thirteen Ways to Write an Abstract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Hartley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Cabanac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartley, J. (2008). Academic Writing and Publishing: A Practical Handbook, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203927984"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2114-z","article-title":"Book reviews in time","volume":"109","author":"Hartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"80","article-title":"More sex please, we\u2019re psychologists","volume":"17","author":"Hartley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21102","article-title":"Common weaknesses in traditional abstracts in the social sciences","volume":"60","author":"Hartley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.102.3.002","article-title":"Current findings from research on structured abstracts: An update","volume":"102","author":"Hartley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.3.011","article-title":"What\u2019s new in abstracts of science articles?","volume":"104","author":"Hartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500882112","article-title":"Lay summaries needed to enhance science communication","volume":"112","author":"Kuehne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Else, H. (Times Higher Education, 2015). Tell us about your paper\u2014And make it short and tweet, Times Higher Education."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0831-y","article-title":"If I tweet will you cite? The effect of social media exposure of articles on downloads and citations","volume":"61","author":"Tonia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492001","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8113\/44\/49\/492001","article-title":"Can apparent superluminal neutrino speeds be explained as a quantum weak measurement?","volume":"44","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. A Math. Theor."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0640051363","article-title":"Is the sequence of earthquakes in Southern California, with aftershocks removed, Poissonian?","volume":"64","author":"Gardner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"35","article-title":"Do Users Verify SSH keys?","volume":"36","author":"Gutmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Login"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2016.07.001","article-title":"Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? The Graphical Abstract","volume":"107","author":"Gilaberte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pferschy-Wenzig, E.M., Pferschy, U., Wang, D., Mocan, A., and Atanasov, A. (2016). Does a Graphical Abstract Bring More Visibility to Your Paper?. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091247"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Spicer, S. (London School of Economics\u2014Impact of the Social Sciences Blog, 2014). 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