{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T04:14:29Z","timestamp":1760328869480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a mixed-initiative motion control strategy for multiple quadrotor aerial vehicles. The proposed approach incorporates formation specifications and motion-planning commands as well as inputs by a human operator. More specifically, we consider a leader\u2013follower aerial robotic system, which autonomously attains a specific geometrical formation, by regulating the distances among neighboring agents while avoiding inter-robot collisions. The desired formation is realized by a decentralized prescribed performance control strategy, resulting in a low computational complexity implementation with guaranteed robustness and accurate formation establishment. The multi-robot system is safely guided towards goal configurations, by employing a properly defined navigation function that provides appropriate motion commands to the leading vehicle, which is the only one that has knowledge of the workspace and the goal configurations. Additionally, the overall framework incorporates human commands that dictate the motion of the leader via a teleoperation interface. The resulting mixed-initiative control system has analytically guaranteed stability and convergence properties. A realistic simulation study, considering a team of five quadrotors operating in a cluttered environment, was carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics10040116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T23:55:23Z","timestamp":1635292523000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Mixed-Initiative Formation Control Strategy for Multiple Quadrotors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4045-4715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George C.","family":"Karras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, School of Science, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos P.","family":"Bechlioulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George K.","family":"Fourlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, School of Science, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostas J.","family":"Kyriakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control Systems Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2012.2206869","article-title":"Hierarchical Formation Control Based on a Vector Field Method for Wheeled Mobile Robots","volume":"28","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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