{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:58:35Z","timestamp":1775789915539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study tackles the task of swarm robotics, where robots explore the environment to detect targets. When a robot detects a target, the robot must be connected with a base station via intermediate relay robots for wireless communication. Our previous results confirmed that L\u00e9vy flight outperformed the usual random walk for exploration strategy in an indoor environment. This paper investigated the search performance of swarm crawler robots with L\u00e9vy flight on target detection problems in large environments through a series of real robots\u2019 experiments. The results suggest that the swarm crawler robots with L\u00e9vy flight succeeded in the target\u2019s discovery in the indoor environment with a 100% success rate, and were able to find several targets in a given time in the outdoor environment. Thus, we confirmed that target exploration in a large environment would be possible by crawler robots with L\u00e9vy flight and significant variances in the detection rate among the positions to detect the outdoor environment\u2019s target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics11040076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1658724767000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Swarm Crawler Robots Using L\u00e9vy Flight for Targets Exploration in Large Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6911-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Katada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Setsunan University, Osaka 572-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Setsunan University, Osaka 572-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Setsunan University, Osaka 572-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Setsunan University, Osaka 572-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Ohkura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trianni, V. 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