{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:34:09Z","timestamp":1760232849040,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Joint Fund of the Basic and Applied Research Grant of Guangdong Province","award":["2021B1515120035","HLCA\/E-403\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B1515120035","HLCA\/E-403\/22"]}]},{"name":"Health Longevity Catalyst Awards 2022","award":["2021B1515120035","HLCA\/E-403\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B1515120035","HLCA\/E-403\/22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soft robotic and medical devices will greatly benefit from stretchable and compliant pressure sensors that can detect deformation and contact forces for control and task safety. In addition to traditional 2D buckling via planar substrates, 3D buckling via curved substrates has emerged as an alternative approach to generate tunable and highly convoluted hierarchical wrinkle morphologies. Such wrinkles may provide advantages in pressure sensing, such as increased sensitivity, ultra-stretchability, and detecting changing curvatures. In this work, we fabricated stretchable sensors using wrinkled MXene electrodes obtained from 3D buckling. We then characterized the sensors\u2019 performance in detecting strain, pressure, and vibrations. The fabricated wrinkled MXene electrode exhibited high stretchability of up to 250% and has a strain sensitivity of 0.1 between 0 and 80%. The fabricated bilayer MXene pressure sensor exhibited a pressure sensitivity of 0.935 kPa\u22121 and 0.188 kPa\u22121 at the lower (&lt;0.25 kPa) and higher-pressure regimes (0.25 kPa\u20132.0 kPa), respectively. The recovery and response timing of the wrinkled MXene pressure sensor was found to be 250 ms and 400 ms, respectively. The sensor was also capable of detecting changing curvatures upon mounting onto an inflating balloon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics11060146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T01:47:46Z","timestamp":1670377666000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stretchable and Compliant Sensing of Strain, Pressure and Vibration of Soft Deformable Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Darren Zi Hian","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Catherine Jiayi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0310-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2111, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongliang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Seng, Y.B., Ponraj, G., Kumar, K.S., Cai, C.J., and Ren, H. 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