{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:50:05Z","timestamp":1767340205318,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Enhancement"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rehabilitation process after the onset of a stroke primarily deals with assisting in regaining mobility, communication skills, swallowing function, and activities of daily living (ADLs). This entirely depends on the specific regions of the brain that have been affected by the stroke. Patients can learn how to utilize adaptive equipment, regain movement, and reduce muscle spasticity through certain repetitive exercises and therapeutic interventions. These exercises can be performed by wearing soft robotic gloves on the impaired extremity. For post-stroke rehabilitation, we have designed and characterized an interactive hand orthosis with tendon-driven finger actuation mechanisms actuated by servo motors, which consists of a fabric glove and force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) at the tip. The robotic device moves the user\u2019s hand when operated by mobile phone to replicate normal gripping behavior. In this paper, the characterization of finger movements in response to step input commands from a mobile app was carried out for each finger at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. In general, servo motor-based hand orthoses are energy-efficient; however, they generate noise during actuation. Here, we quantified the noise generated by servo motor actuation for each finger as well as when a group of fingers is simultaneously activated. To test ADL ability, we evaluated the device\u2019s effectiveness in holding different objects from the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) kit. Our device, novel hand orthosis actuated by servo motors (NOHAS), was tested on ten healthy human subjects and showed an average of 90% success rate in grasping tasks. Our orthotic hand shows promise for aiding post-stroke subjects recover because of its simplicity of use, lightweight construction, and carefully designed components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics12060169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T03:25:31Z","timestamp":1702265131000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["NOHAS: A Novel Orthotic Hand Actuated by Servo Motors and Mobile App for Stroke Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebenezer Raj","family":"Selvaraj Mercyshalinie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Humanoid Biorobotics and Smart Systems Lab (HBS Lab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"},{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Ghadge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Humanoid Biorobotics and Smart Systems Lab (HBS Lab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"}]},{"given":"Nneka","family":"Ifejika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6606-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonas","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Humanoid Biorobotics and Smart Systems Lab (HBS Lab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"},{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3238165","article-title":"Stroke in the century: A snapshot of the burden, epidemiology, and quality of life","volume":"2018","author":"Donkor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Res. 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