{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:53:38Z","timestamp":1772758418113,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With a backdrop of action and science fiction movie horrors of the dystopian relationship between humans and robots, surprisingly to date-with the exception of ethical discussions-the relationship aspect of humans and sex robots has seemed relatively unproblematic. The attraction to sex robots perhaps is the promise of unproblematic affectionate and sexual interactions, without the need to consider the other\u2019s (the robot\u2019s) emotions and indeed preference of sexual partners. Yet, with rapid advancements in information technology and robotics, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence and indeed, artificial emotions, there almost seems the likelihood, that sometime in the future, robots too, may love others in return. Who those others are-whether human or robot-is to be speculated. As with the laws of emotion, and particularly that of the cognitive-emotional theory on Appraisal, a reality in which robots experience their own emotions, may not be as rosy as would be expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics7030044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T10:40:07Z","timestamp":1534329607000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Me, My Bot and His Other (Robot) Woman? Keeping Your Robot Satisfied in the Age of Artificial Emotion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5771-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekah","family":"Rousi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Science, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-006-0154-7","article-title":"Artificial consciousness, artificial emotions, and autonomous robots","volume":"7","author":"Cardon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cogn. Process."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/analys\/19.3.64","article-title":"The feelings of robots","volume":"19","author":"Ziff","year":"1959","journal-title":"Analysis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-009-0022-6","article-title":"The ethical treatment of artificially conscious robots","volume":"1","author":"Levy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Bellman, R. (1978). An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Can Computers Think?. Thomson Course Technology."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Russell, S., and Norvig, P. (1995). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Asimov, I. (1950). Runaround. I, Robot (Hardcover), Doubleday."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheok, A.D., Levy, D., and Karunanayaka, K. (2016). Lovotics: Love and sex with robots. Emotion in Games, Springer.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190652951.003.0013"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Samani, H.A., Cheok, A.D., Tharakan, M.J., Koh, J., and Fernando, N. (2010). A design process for lovotics. International Conference on Human-Robot Personal Relationship, Springer."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Flaceli\u00e8re, F. (1962). Love in Ancient Greece, Crown Publishers."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Hong, H., and Hong, E. (2009). Works of Love, Harper Collins."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galician, M. (2004). Sex, Love, and Romance in the Mass Media: Analysis and Criticism of Unrealistic, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410609540"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047884","article-title":"The Nature of Love","volume":"13","author":"Harlow","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/014466608X314935","article-title":"Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences","volume":"48","author":"Cuddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcps.2010.06.015","article-title":"Aesthetic principles and cognitive emotion appraisals: How much of the beauty lies in the eye of the beholder?","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4975.1988.tb00110.x","article-title":"The virtue of love","volume":"13","author":"Solomon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Midwest Stud. Philos."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Fletcher, G.P. (1995). Loyalty: An Essay on the Morality of Relationships, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Joachim, H., and Rees, D. (1951). Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics, Clarendon Press."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Lewis, C. (1991). The Four Loves, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Soble, A. (1989). Eros, Agape, and Philia: Readings in the Philosophy of Love, Paragon House Publishers."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Zalta, E.N. (2017). Friendship. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"619","article-title":"Aristotle on the Forms of Friendship","volume":"30","author":"Cooper","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev. Metaphys."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Liddell, H.G., Scott, R., Jones, H.S., and McKenzie, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon, Clarendon Press. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2016, May 24). Love. Available online: http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/love."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Oord, T.J. (2007). Triangulating Love. The Altruism Reader: Selections from Writings on Love, Religion, and Science, Templeton Foundation."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis, H.T., and Rusbult, C.E. (2004). A triangular theory of love. Close Relationships, Psychology Press.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203311851"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199705)27:3<313::AID-EJSP824>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Construct validation of a triangular love scale","volume":"27","author":"Sternberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Damasio, A.R. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, Harcourt Brace."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Ekman, P., and Davidson, R.J. (1994). Complexities in the search for emotion-specific physiology. The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195096736.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-998-1010-5","article-title":"Lust, attraction and attachment in mammalian reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Nat."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1","article-title":"The neural basis of romantic love","volume":"11","author":"Bartels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuro Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019888024255","article-title":"Defining the brain systems of lust, romantic attraction, and attachment","volume":"31","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.113.3.602","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated regulation of partner preferences in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster): A mechanism for pair bonding?","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Salman, A. (2009). Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis, Karnac Books."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054346","article-title":"A theory of human motivation","volume":"50","author":"Maslow","year":"1943","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"108","article-title":"The seven sins of evolutionary psychology","volume":"6","author":"Panksepp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evol. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Abramson, P.R., and Pinkerton, S.D. (1995). Beauty is in the adaptations of the beholder: The evolutionary psychology of human female sexual attractiveness. Sexual Nature, Sexual Culture, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2004.32.7.683","article-title":"Describing the neoclassical psyche embedded in Sternberg\u2019s triangular theory of love","volume":"32","author":"Diessner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Pers. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939308409193","article-title":"The place of appraisal in emotion","volume":"7","author":"Frijda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scherer, K.R., Schorr, A., and Johnstone, T. (2001). Appraisal: What is the dependent. Series in Affective Science. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195130072.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Scherer, K.R., Schorr, A., and Johnstone, T. (2001). Relational meaning and discrete emotions. Series in Affective Science. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J.M., and Barrett, L.F. (2008). Appraisal theories: How cognition shapes affect into emotion. Handbook of Emotions, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1086\/209515","article-title":"Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research","volume":"24","author":"Fournier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Constr. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Rousi, R. (2013). From cute to content: User experience from a cognitive semiotic perspective. Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Studies in Computing 171, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Press."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1108\/03090560710737570","article-title":"Causes and consequences of emotions on consumer behaviour: A review and integrative cognitive appraisal theory","volume":"41","author":"Watson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2004.32.8.783","article-title":"Consumer behavior in shopping center choice","volume":"32","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Pers. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Kelley, H.H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, J.H., and Huston, T.L. (1983). Close Relationships, Freeman."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010416-044038","article-title":"The psychology of close relationships: Fourteen core principles","volume":"68","author":"Finkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.1.101","article-title":"A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements","volume":"45","author":"Rusbult","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"33","article-title":"Monogamy: An ambiguous concept","volume":"33","author":"Wickler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mate Choice"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023421819465","article-title":"The nature of sexual desire: A clinician\u2019s perspective","volume":"32","author":"Levine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Laumann, E.O., and Michael, R.T. (2001). Sex, Love, and Health in America: Private Choices and Public Policies, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278641","article-title":"The female sexual response: A different model","volume":"26","author":"Basson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sex Marit. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine, S.B., Risen, C.B., and Althof, S.E. (2003). Women\u2019s desire deficiencies and avoidance. Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals, Brunner\/Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203490327"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431002","article-title":"Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy","volume":"343","author":"Shifren","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Friedman, R.C., and Downey, J.I. (1999). Male heterosexuality. Masculinity and Sexuality: Selected Topics in the Psychology of Men, American Psychiatric Press."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Fisher, H.E. (1999). The First Sex: The Natural Talents of Women and How They are Changing the World, Random House."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499009551579","article-title":"Sex differences in sexual fantasy: An evolutionary psychological approach","volume":"27","author":"Ellis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Laumann, E.O., Gagnon, J.H., Michael, R.T., and Michaels, S. (1994). The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Hatfield, E., and Rapson, R.L. (1993). Love, Sex, and Intimacy: Their Psychology, Biology, and History, Harper Collins College Publishers."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Tennov, D. (1979). Love and Limerence: The Experience of Being in Love, Stein and Day."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Buss, D.M. (1994). The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198707000-00009","article-title":"The Role of Androgen in the Maintenance of Sexual Functioning in Oophorectomized Women","volume":"49","author":"Sherwin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198507000-00004","article-title":"Androgen enhances sexual motivation in females: A prospective cross-over study of sex steroid administration in the surgical menopause","volume":"7","author":"Sherwin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cupach, W.R., and Spitzberg, B.H. (2014). The Dark Side of Relationship Pursuit: From Attraction to Obsession and Stalking, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203805916"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Southerton, D. (2011). Obsession. Encyclopedia of Consumer Culture, Sage Publications.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412994248"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.01.015","article-title":"Fuzzy cognitive maps for artificial emotions forecasting","volume":"12","author":"Salmeron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Oxford English Dictionary (2018, May 18). Fidelity. Available online: https:\/\/en.oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/fidelity."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X10362348","article-title":"Foggy faithfulness: Relationship quality, religiosity, and the perceptions of dating infidelity scale in an adult sample","volume":"31","author":"Mattingly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00143","article-title":"The cheating heart: Scientific explorations of infidelity","volume":"10","author":"Drigotas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.11.003","article-title":"The neural basis of unconditional love","volume":"172","author":"Beauregard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"33","article-title":"On love: Conditional and unconditional","volume":"17","author":"Welwood","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Transpers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407591082004","article-title":"Maintenance strategies and romantic relationship type, gender and relational characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Stafford","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relatsh."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Daly, M., and Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide, Aldine de Gruyter."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Buss, D. (1998). Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind, Allyn & Bacon."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00036.x","article-title":"The role of relationship development and attachment in the experience of romantic jealousy","volume":"8","author":"Knobloch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers. Relationsh."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Canary, D., and Stafford, L. (1994). The investment model: An interdependence analysis of commitment processes and relationship maintenance phenomena. Communication and Relational Maintenance, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Ortner, S.B., and Whitehead, H. (1981). Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9175-2","article-title":"Why humans have sex","volume":"36","author":"Meston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Levy, D. (2007). Love and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships, Harper Collins."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.3.425","article-title":"The concept of love viewed from a prototype perspective","volume":"60","author":"Fehr","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.2.186","article-title":"Fuzzy concepts in a fuzzy hierarchy: Varieties of anger","volume":"67","author":"Russell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1145\/2874239.2874281","article-title":"The asymmetrical \u2018relationship\u2019: Parallels between prostitution and the development of sex robots","volume":"45","author":"Richardson","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACM SIGCAS Comput. Soc."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackenzie, R. (2014, January 11\u201314). Sexbots: Replacements for sex workers? Ethical constraints on the design of sentient beings for utilitarian purposes. Proceedings of the 2014 Workshops on Advances in Computer Entertainment Conference, Funchal, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1145\/2693787.2693789"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-015-0295-x","article-title":"A literature review on new robotics: Automation from love to war","volume":"7","author":"Royakkers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Wankel, C., and Malleck, S. (2010). Virtual sex with child avatars. Emerging Ethical Issues of Life in Virtual Worlds, Information Age Publishing."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11572-014-9362-x","article-title":"Robotic rape and robotic child sexual abuse: Should they be criminalised?","volume":"11","author":"Danaher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crim. Law Philos."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"Lin, P., Adney, K., and Bekey, G.A. (2011). Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics, MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sparrow, R. (2017). Robots, rape, and representation. Int. J. Soc. Robot., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-017-0413-z"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"49","article-title":"Sexbots: An editorial","volume":"42","author":"Snell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Educ. Interdiscip. J."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Turkle, S. (2012). Alone Together. Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danaher, J., and McArthur, N. (2017). Robot Sex: Social and Ethical Implications, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262036689.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziaja, S. (2011, January 24\u201325). Homewrecker 2.0: An exploration of liability for heart balm torts involving AI humanoid consorts. Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Robotics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25504-5_12"},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Hinman, L. (2018, June 02). Robotic Companions: Some Ethical Questions to Consider. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Lawrence_Hinman\/publication\/242691647_Robotic_Companions_Some_ethical_questions_to_consider\/links\/542c2fe40cf27e39fa931378.pdf."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-013-9513-9","article-title":"AlonAI: A humanitarian law of artificial intelligence and robotics","volume":"21","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-014-9541-0","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and robot responsibilities: Innovating beyond rights","volume":"21","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"Madden, J. (2017, June 02). Should Having Sex with a Robot Count as Cheating? BBC. Available online: http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bbcthree\/item\/0c4f5093-ed7d-4fad-97cf-b93b9afb1679."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Calo, R., Froomkin, M., and Kerr, I. (2012). Extending legal protection to social robots: The effects of anthropomorphism, empathy, and violent behavior towards robotic objects. Robot Law Proceedings of the Robot Conference 2012, University of Miami."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.3.449","article-title":"Desensitization and resensitization to violence against women: Effects of exposure to sexually violent films on judgments of domestic violence victims","volume":"69","author":"Mullin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1986.tb00243.x","article-title":"Sexual violence in the media: Indirect effects on aggression against women","volume":"42","author":"Malamuth","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Soc. Issues"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"34","article-title":"Hunting humans: A future for tourism in 2200","volume":"78\u201379","year":"2016","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Rawlinson, K., and Microsoft\u2019s Bill Gates Insists AI Is a Threat (2017, June 02). NNB News. Available online: http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/31047780."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Lewis, T. (2017, June 02). Stephen Hawking: Artificial Intelligence Could End Human Race. Live Science. Available online: https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/48972-stephen-hawking-artificial-intelligence-threat.html."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1993.12.2.135","article-title":"Passionate love and marital satisfaction at key transition points in the family life cycle","volume":"12","author":"Tucker","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"Fox, S. (2017, July 07). Evolving Robots Learn to Lie to Each Other. Popular Science. Available online: http:\/\/www.popsci.com\/scitech\/article\/2009-08\/evolving-robots-learn-lie-hide-resources-each-other,."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litiou, A., Ullman, D., Kim, J., and Scassellati, B. (2015, January 2\u20135). Evidence that robots trigger a cheating detector in humans. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Portland, OR, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696456"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Short, E., Hart, J., Vu, M., and Scassellati, B. (2010, January 2\u20135). No fair!! An interaction with a cheating robot. Proceedings of the 5th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction 2010, Osaka, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2010.5453193"},{"key":"ref_108","unstructured":"Ullman, D., Leite, I., Phillips, J., Kim-Cohen, J., and Scassellati, B. (2014, January 23\u201326). Smart human, smarter robot: How cheating affects perceptions of social agency. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society 2014, 36, Cognitive Science meets Artificial Intelligence: Human and Artificial Agents in Interactive Contexts, Quebec City, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(89)90023-1","article-title":"The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task","volume":"31","author":"Cosmides","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkow, J.H., Cosmides, L., and Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. The Adapted Mind\u2013Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195060232.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.006","article-title":"You can judge a book by its cover: The sequel: A kernel of truth in predictive cheating detection","volume":"28","author":"Verplatse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evol. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"MacDorman, K.F. Subjective ratings of robot video clips for human likeness, familiarity, and eeriness: An exploration of the uncanny valley. Proceedings of the ICCS\/CogSci-2006 Long Symposium: Toward Social Mechanisms of Android Science, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2012.2192811","article-title":"The uncanny valley [from the field]","volume":"19","author":"Mori","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"ref_114","unstructured":"Hutson, M. (2012). The 7 Laws of Magical Thinking: How Irrational Beliefs Keep Us Happy, Healthy, and Sane, Hudson Street Press."},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Hanson, D., Olney, A., Prilliman, S., Mathews, E., Zielke, M., Hammons, D., Fernandez, R., and Stephanou, H. Upending the uncanny valley. Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843604000289","article-title":"Who is afraid of the humanoid? Investigating cultural differences in the acceptance of robots","volume":"1","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Humanoid Rob."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Kitchin, R., and Thrift, N. (2009). Other\/otherness. International Encyclopaedia of Human Geography, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_118","unstructured":"Suzuki, T. (2001). Word in Context: A Japanese Perspective on Language and Culture, Kodansha International."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0829320100007237","article-title":"From terra nullius to affirmation: Reconciling Aboriginal rights with the Canadian Constitution","volume":"17","author":"Asch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Law Soc."},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"Berque, A., and Schwartz, R. (1997). Japan Nature, Artifice and Japanese Culture, Pilkington."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coatney, S., and Harada, V.H. (2017). Taming the Technology Leadership Dragon. The Many Faces of School Library Leadership, Libraries Unlimited.","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400682605"},{"key":"ref_122","unstructured":"Mori, M. (1981). The Buddha in the Robot, Kosei Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Goldhammer, A. (1988). Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Transparency and Obstruction, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syrdal, D., Nomura, T., Hirai, H., and Dautenhahn, K. (2011). Examining the Frankenstein syndrome. Soc. Robot., 125\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25504-5_13"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0056-9","article-title":"A cross-cultural study: Effect of robot appearance and task","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"(2017, December 13). ATR Home: Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories. Available online: http:\/\/www.geminoid.jp\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"Guizzo, E. (2017, December 13). Hiroshi Ishiguro: The Man Who Made a Copy of Himself. IEEE Spectrum. Available online: https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/robotics\/humanoids\/hiroshi-ishiguro-the-man-who-made-a-copy-of-himself."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haugeland, J.M. (1997). Mind Design II: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4626.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/543434.543435","article-title":"Emotion & design: Attractive things work better","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1094-108","article-title":"Will robots inherit the earth","volume":"271","author":"Minsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Am."}],"container-title":["Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-6581\/7\/3\/44\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:18:57Z","timestamp":1760195937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-6581\/7\/3\/44"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["robotics7030044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/robotics7030044","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-6581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-6581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}}}