{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:46:18Z","timestamp":1773294378823,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1560219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1560219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The application of continuum manipulators as assistive robots is discussed and tested through the use of Bendy ARM, a simple manually teleoperated tendon driven continuum manipulator prototype. Methods: Two rounds of user testing were performed to evaluate the potential of this arm to aid people living with disabilities in completing activities of daily living. Results: In the first round of user testing, 14 able-bodied subjects successfully completed the prescribed task (pick-and-place) using multiple control schemes after being given a brief introduction and one minute of practice with each scheme. In the second round of user testing, subjects (    n = 3    ) demonstrated between 29.5 and 48.9 percent improvement in completion time across twelve trials of a peg-in-hole task, and between 8.4 and 33.8 percent improvement across six trials of a task involving opening and closing a drawer. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is posited that continuum manipulators merit further consideration as a safer and more cost-effective alternative to existing commercially available assistive robotic manipulators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics8040084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T03:03:15Z","timestamp":1569553395000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Design and Preliminary Testing of a Continuum Assistive Robotic Manipulator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Coulson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering &amp; Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 10842, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering &amp; Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering &amp; Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1193-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devin R.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering &amp; Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Romer, G., Stuyt, H.J., and Peters, A. 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Meet."}],"container-title":["Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-6581\/8\/4\/84\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:24:26Z","timestamp":1760189066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-6581\/8\/4\/84"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["robotics8040084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/robotics8040084","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-6581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-6581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]}}}