{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T03:23:41Z","timestamp":1773717821201,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wind energy, as a vital renewable energy source, also plays a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. It is therefore of utmost necessity to evaluate ocean wind energy resources for electricity generation and environmental management. Ocean wind distribution around the globe can be obtained from satellite observations to compensate for limited in situ measurements. However, previous studies have largely ignored uncertainties in ocean wind energy resources assessment with multiple satellite data. It is against this background that the current study compares mean wind speeds (MWS) and wind power densities (WPD) retrieved from scatterometers (QuikSCAT, ASCAT) and radiometers (WindSAT) and their different combinations with National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy measurements at heights of 10 m and 100 m (wind turbine hub height) above sea level. Our results show an improvement in the accuracy of wind resources estimation with the use of multiple satellite observations. This has implications for the acquisition of reliable data on ocean wind energy in support of management policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10010100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T04:01:55Z","timestamp":1515988915000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Assessing Global Ocean Wind Energy Resources Using Multiple Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Qiaoying","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems,  Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Xiazhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Climate Centre, Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210009, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0555-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems,  Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9663-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Climate Centre, Zhejiang Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310007, China"}]},{"given":"Weijiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamin","family":"Mansaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems,  Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Department of Agro-meteorology and Geo-informatics, Magbosi Land, Water and Environment Research Centre (MLWERC), Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Freetown PMB 1313, Sierra Leone"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems,  Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4627-6021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems,  Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04188","article-title":"Impact of regional climate change on human health","volume":"438","author":"Patz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19798","article-title":"Evolution of global temperature over the past two million years","volume":"538","author":"Snyder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3027","article-title":"Towards a science of climate and energy choices","volume":"6","author":"Stern","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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