{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:08:54Z","timestamp":1782241734145,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19080303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19080303"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Programs for Global Change and Adaptation","award":["2016YFA0600201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0600201"]}]},{"name":"Distinctive Institutes Development Program, CAS","award":["TSYJS04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSYJS04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation from China","award":["41171285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41171285"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the Indian monsoon region, frequent cloud cover in the rainy season results in less valid satellite observations during the vegetation growth period, making it difficult to extract land surface phenology (LSP). Even worse, many valid but humid observations were misidentified as clouds in the MODIS cloud mask, causing severe gaps in the LSP product. Using a refined cloud detection approach to separate clear-sky and cloudy observations, this study found that potentially valid observations during the vegetation growth period could be identified. Furthermore, the varied vegetation growth trajectories cannot be well-fitted by a global curve-fitting approach, but can be modelled by using the locally adjusted cubic-spline capping approach, which performed well for any seasonal patterns. Applying this approach, the start of growing season (SOS) was determined with 9.18% of vegetation growth amplitude between the maximum and minimum NDVI to generate the SOS product (2000\u20132016). The valid percentage of this regional product largely increased from 29.30% to 69.76% compared with the MCD12Q2 product, and its reliability was approximate to that of deciduous broadleaf forest in North America and Europe. This product could serve as a basis for understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to the changing Indian monsoon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10010122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T12:19:48Z","timestamp":1516277988000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Determining the Start of the Growing Season from MODIS Data in the Indian Monsoon Region: Identifying Available Data in the Rainy Season and Modeling the Varied Vegetation Growth Trajectories"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6448-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information system, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2819-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronggao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information system, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information system, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadunandun","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quansheng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information system, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15402","article-title":"Declining global warming effects on the phenology of spring leaf unfolding","volume":"526","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12648","article-title":"Phenological response to climate change in China: A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. 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