{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T14:38:35Z","timestamp":1775659115164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]],"date-time":"2018-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41374070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41374070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The p-wave double-frequency (DF) microseisms generated by super typhoon Lupit (14\u201326 October 2009) over the western Pacific Ocean were detected by an on-land seismological array deployed in Northeastern China. We applied a frequency-domain beamforming method to investigate their source regions. Comparing with the best-track data and satellite observations, the located source regions of the p-wave DF microseisms, which corresponded to the strongest ocean wave\u2013wave interactions, were found to be comparable to the typhoon centers in the microseismic frequency band of ~0.18\u20130.21 Hz. The p-wave DF microseisms were probably excited by the nonlinear interaction of ocean waves generated by the typhoon at different times, in good agreement with the Longuet\u2013Higgins theory for the generation of DF microseisms. The localization deviation, which was ~120 km for typhoon Lupit in this study, might depend on the speed and direction of typhoon movement, the geometry of the seismological array, and the heterogeneity of the solid Earth structure. The p-wave DF microseisms generated in coastal source regions were also observed in the beamformer outputs, but with relatively lower dominant frequency band of ~0.14\u20130.16 Hz. These observations show that the p-wave DF microseisms generated near typhoon centers could be used as a seismic remote sensing proxy to locate and track typhoons over the oceans from under water in a near-real-time and continuous manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1517804982000},"page":"235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Seismic Remote Sensing of Super Typhoon Lupit (2009) with Seismological Array Observation in NE China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Seismic Observation and Geophysical Imaging, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"},{"name":"Global Science and Technology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunke","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L17308","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL027270","article-title":"When Katrina hit California","volume":"33","author":"Gerstoft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophys. 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AGU"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/2\/235\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:53:44Z","timestamp":1760194424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/2\/235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10020235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10020235","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]]}}}