{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:37:11Z","timestamp":1761511031303,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Western Alaska\u2019s Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) spans nearly 67,200 km2 and is among the largest and most productive coastal wetland ecosystems in the pan-Arctic. Permafrost currently forms extensive elevated plateaus on abandoned floodplain deposits of the outer delta, but is vulnerable to disturbance from rising air temperatures, inland storm surges, and salt-kill of vegetation. As pan-Arctic air and ground temperatures rise, accurate baseline maps of permafrost extent are critical for a variety of applications including long-term monitoring, understanding the scale and pace of permafrost degradation processes, and estimating resultant greenhouse gas dynamics. This study assesses novel, high-resolution techniques to map permafrost distribution using LiDAR and IKONOS imagery, in tandem with field-based parameterization and validation. With LiDAR, use of a simple elevation threshold provided a permafrost map with 94.9% overall accuracy; this approach was possible due to the extremely flat coastal plain of the YKD. The addition of high spatial-resolution IKONOS satellite data yielded similar results, but did not increase model performance. The methods and the results of this study enhance high-resolution permafrost mapping efforts in tundra regions in general and deltaic landscapes in particular, and provide a baseline for remote monitoring of permafrost distribution on the YKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T12:20:29Z","timestamp":1518006029000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Assessment of LiDAR and Spectral Techniques for High-Resolution Mapping of Sporadic Permafrost on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Whitley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5134-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABR, Inc.\u2014Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jorgenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Ecoscience, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2808-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Macander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABR, Inc.\u2014Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Winder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brown, J., Ferrians, O., Heginbottom, J., and Melnikov, E. 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