{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:46:07Z","timestamp":1776973567829,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["61331016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61331016"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["41571435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41571435"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Large-scale reclamation projects during the past decades have been recognized as one of the driving factors behind land subsidence in coastal areas. However, the pattern of temporal evolution in reclamation settlements has rarely been analyzed. In this work, we study the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of Linggang New City (LNC) in Shanghai, China, using space-borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) methods. Three data stacks including 11 X-band TerraSAR-X, 20 L-band ALOS PALSAR, and 35 C-band ENVISAT ASAR images were used to retrieve time series deformation from 2007 to 2010 in the LNC. An InSAR analysis from the three data stacks displays strong agreement in mean deformation rates, with coefficients of determination of about 0.9 and standard deviations for inter-stack differences of less than 4 mm\/y. Meanwhile, validations with leveling data indicate that all the three data stacks achieved millimeter-level accuracies. The spatial distribution and temporal evolution of deformation in the LNC as indicated by these InSAR analysis results relates to historical reclamation activities, geological features, and soil mechanisms. This research shows that ground deformation in the LNC after reclamation projects experienced three distinct phases: primary consolidation, a slight rebound, and plateau periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T12:57:16Z","timestamp":1519304236000},"page":"329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Characterization of a Reclamation Settlement in the Shanghai Coastal Area with Time Series Analyses of X-, C-, and L-Band SAR Datasets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengshi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CN, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Lanf and Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Lanf and Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingsheng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2010.06.009","article-title":"Sea-level rise impact models and environmental conservation: A review of models and their applications","volume":"53","author":"McLeod","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Urban growth and environmental impacts in Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze, River Delta and the Pearl River Delta","volume":"30","author":"Haas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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