{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:35:04Z","timestamp":1773923704484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Project of Research and Development Plan of China","award":["2016YFC0401505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0401505"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41576171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41576171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study compares wind speeds derived from five satellite microwave radiometers with those directly observed by buoy-mounted anemometers and the global analyses produced by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. Buoy comparisons yield wind speed root mean square errors of 0.82 m\/s for WindSat, 1.45 m\/s for SSMIS F16, 1.39 m\/s for SSMIS F17, 1.43 m\/s for AMSR-E, and 1.45 m\/s for AMSR2. The overall mean bias for each satellite is typically &lt;0.25 m\/s when averaged over all selected buoys for a given study time. The satellite wind speeds are underestimated with respect to the buoy observations at a band of the tropical Pacific Ocean from \u22128\u00b0S to 4\u00b0N. The mean buoy\u2013satellite difference as a function of year is always &lt;0.4 m\/s, except for SSMIS F16. The selected satellite wind speeds show an obvious seasonal characteristic at high latitudes. In comparison with the ECMWF data, some obviously positive differences exist at high southern latitudes in January and at high northern latitudes in July.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10030425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T12:17:41Z","timestamp":1520597861000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparison of Wind Speeds from Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers with In Situ Observations and ECMWF Data over the Global Ocean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China"}]},{"given":"Hanqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Piesat Information Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100195, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qixiang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1029\/RS015i003p00525","article-title":"An algorithm for retrieval of ocean surface and atmospheric parameters from the observations of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer","volume":"15","author":"Wilheit","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14547","DOI":"10.1029\/JC094iC10p14547","article-title":"Remote sensing of ocean surface winds with the Special Sensor Microwave\/Imager","volume":"94","author":"Goodberlet","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Geophys. 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