{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:33:17Z","timestamp":1775745197328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020 programme","award":["640161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["640161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Passive microwave measurements at L-band from ESA\u2019s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission can be used to retrieve sea ice thickness of up to 0.5\u20131.0 m. Since 2015, NASA\u2019s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission provides brightness temperatures (TB) at the same frequency. Here, we explore the possibility of combining SMOS and SMAP TBs for sea ice thickness retrieval. First, we compare daily TBs over polar ocean and sea ice regions. For this purpose, the multi-angular SMOS measurements have to be fitted to the SMAP incidence angle of 40     \u2218    . Using a synthetical dataset for testing, we evaluate the performance of different fitting methods. We find that a two-step regression fitting method performs best, yielding a high accuracy even for a small number of measurements of only 15. Generally, SMOS and SMAP TBs agree very well with correlations exceeding 0.99 over sea ice but show an intensity bias of about 2.7 K over both ocean and sea ice regions. This bias can be adjusted using a linear fit resulting in a very good agreement of the retrieved sea ice thicknesses. The main advantages of a combined product are the increased number of daily overpasses leading to an improved data coverage also towards lower latitudes, as well as a continuation of retrieved timeseries if one of the sensors stops delivering data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T06:45:37Z","timestamp":1522824337000},"page":"553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Consistent Combination of Brightness Temperatures from SMOS and SMAP over Polar Oceans for Sea Ice Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelie U.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Kaleschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-12-921-2018","article-title":"Arctic sea ice signatures: L-band brightness temperature sensitivity comparison using two radiation transfer models","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL050916","article-title":"Sea ice thickness retrieval from SMOS brightness temperatures during the Arctic freeze-up period","volume":"39","author":"Kaleschke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. 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