{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T01:36:05Z","timestamp":1773192965940,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No 703978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No 703978"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007652","name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER 2014-2020 (Operational programme for smart growth) project RTA2014-00063-C04- 02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER 2014-2020 (Operational programme for smart growth) project RTA2014-00063-C04- 02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dehesas are highly valuable agro-forestry ecosystems, widely distributed over Mediterranean-type climate areas, which play a key role in rural development, basing their productivity on a sustainable use of multiple resources (crops, livestock, wildlife, etc.). The information derived from remote sensing based models addressing ecosystem water consumption, at different scales, can be used by institutions and private landowners to support management decisions. In this study, the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model is analyzed over two Spanish dehesa areas integrating multiple satellites (MODIS and Landsat) for estimating water use (ET), vegetation ground cover, leaf area and phenology. Instantaneous latent heat (LE) values are derived on a regional scale and compared with eddy covariance tower (ECT) measurements, yielding accurate results (RMSDMODIS Las Majadas 44 Wm\u22122, Santa Clotilde RMSDMODIS 47 Wm\u22122 and RMSDLandsat 64 Wm\u22122). Daily ET(mm) is estimated using daily return interval of MODIS for both study sites and compared with the flux measurements of the ECTs, with RMSD of 1 mm day\u22121 over Las Majadas and 0.99 mm day\u22121 over Santa Clotilde. Distributed ET over Andalusian dehesa (15% of the region) is successfully mapped using MODIS images, as an approach to monitor the ecosystem status and the vegetation water stress on a regular basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T12:42:57Z","timestamp":1522845777000},"page":"558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Modeling Surface Energy Fluxes over a Dehesa (Oak Savanna) Ecosystem Using a Thermal Based Two Source Energy Balance Model (TSEB) II\u2014Integration of Remote Sensing Medium and Low Spatial Resolution Satellite Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Andreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAPA, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural, Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo. 3092, 14080 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William P.","family":"Kustas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Hydrology &amp; Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}]},{"given":"Maria Jose","family":"Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Campus Rabanales, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, \u00c1rea de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica, 14017 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Carrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterr\u00e1neo (CEAM), Carrer de Charles Robert Darwin, 14, 46980 Paterna, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAPA, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural, Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo. 3092, 14080 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"La dehesa","volume":"762","year":"1996","journal-title":"Agricultura"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2980\/i1195-6860-12-1-92.1","article-title":"Regeneration of a Mediterranean oak: A whole-cycle approach","volume":"12","author":"Pulido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecoscience"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreu, A., Kustas, W.P., Polo, M.J., Carrara, A., and Gonzalez-Dugo, M.P. 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