{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:55:36Z","timestamp":1777460136084,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0402404) and the 377 National Key Technology Support Program of China (grant No. 2015BAB07B07)","award":["2015BAB07B07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAB07B07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite-based precipitation products (e.g., Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and its predecessor, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)) are a critical source of precipitation estimation, particularly for a region with less, or no, hydrometric networking. However, the inconsistency in the performance of these products has been observed in different climatic and topographic diverse regions, timescales, and precipitation intensities and there is still room for improvement. Hence, using a projected ensemble algorithm, the regional precipitation estimate (RP) is introduced here. The RP concept is mainly based on the regional performance weights derived from the Mean Square Error (MSE) and the precipitation estimate from the TRMM product, that is, TRMM 3B42 (TR), real-time (late) (IT) and the research (post-real-time) (IR) products of IMERG. The overall results of the selected contingency table (e.g., Probability of detection (POD)) and statistical indices (e.g., Correlation Coefficient (CC)) signposted that the proposed RP product has shown an overall better potential to capture the gauge observations compared with the TR, IR, and IT in five different climatic regions of Pakistan from January 2015 to December 2016, at a diurnal time scale. The current study could be the first research providing preliminary feedback from Pakistan for global precipitation measurement researchers by highlighting the need for refinement in the IMERG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T13:06:08Z","timestamp":1523365568000},"page":"577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Improving the Regional Applicability of Satellite Precipitation Products by Ensemble Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Waseem","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Water Resource Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanbo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1175-2334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huimin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajmal","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-11-022.1","article-title":"Kalman filter\u2013based CMORPH","volume":"12","author":"Joyce","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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