{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:56:26Z","timestamp":1760820986558,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Marquesas form an isolated group of small islands in the Central South Pacific where quasi-permanent biological activity is observed. During La Ni\u00f1a events, this biological activity, shown by a net increase of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl, a proxy of phytoplankton biomass), is particularly strong. It has been hypothesized that this strong activity is due to iron-rich waters advected from the equatorial region to the Marquesas by tropical instability waves (TIWs). Here we investigate this hypothesis over 18 years by combining satellite observations, re-analyses of ocean data, and Lagrangian diagnostics. Four La Ni\u00f1a events ranging from moderate to strong intensity occurred during this period, and our results show that the Chl plume within the archipelago can be indeed influenced by such equatorial advection, but this was observed during the strong 1998 and 2010 La Ni\u00f1a conditions only. Chl spatio-temporal patterns during the occurrence of other TIWs rather suggest the interaction of large-scale forcing events such as an uplift of the thermocline or the enhancement of coastal upwelling induced by the tropical strengthening of the trades with the islands leading to enhancement of phytoplankton biomass within the surface waters. Overall, whatever the conditions, our analyses suggest that the influence of the TIWs is to disperse, stir, and, therefore, modulate the shape of the existing phytoplankton plume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T04:29:17Z","timestamp":1524457757000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of Tropical Instability Waves on Phytoplankton Biomass near the Marquesas Islands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elodie","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, 29200 Brest, France"},{"name":"IRD, UPF, ILM, Ifremer, \u00c9cosyst\u00e8mes Insulaires Oc\u00e9aniens (EIO), 98702 Tahiti, French Polynesia"}]},{"given":"Hirohiti","family":"Raapoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD, UPF, ILM, Ifremer, \u00c9cosyst\u00e8mes Insulaires Oc\u00e9aniens (EIO), 98702 Tahiti, French Polynesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6532-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, 29200 Brest, France"}]},{"given":"Keitapu","family":"Maamaatuaihutapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9osciences du Pacifique Sud, Universit\u00e9 de la Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise, 98702 Tahiti, French Polynesia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2492","article-title":"Increased frequency of extreme La Ni\u00f1a events under greenhouse warming","volume":"5","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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