{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:58:34Z","timestamp":1760241514677,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41376109","41176068","41576107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41376109","41176068","41576107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB0501703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0501703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) have been retrieved accurately and effectively through waveform methods by using green-pulse waveforms of airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB). However, the waveform data are commonly difficult to analyze. Thus, this paper proposes a 3D point-cloud method for remote sensing of SSCs in calm waters by using the range biases of green surface points of ALB. The near water surface penetrations (NWSPs) of green lasers are calculated on the basis of the green and reference surface points. The range biases (\u0394S) are calculated by using the corresponding NWSPs and beam-scanning angles. In situ measured SSCs (C) and range biases (\u0394S) are used to establish an empirical C-\u0394S model at SSC sampling stations. The SSCs in calm waters are retrieved by using the established C-\u0394S model. The proposed method is applied to a practical ALB measurement performed by Optech Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LiDAR. The standard deviations of the SSCs retrieved by the 3D point-cloud method are less than 20 mg\/L.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10050681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T12:04:50Z","timestamp":1524830690000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Remote Sensing of Sub-Surface Suspended Sediment Concentration by Using the Range Bias of Green Surface Point of Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinglei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3796-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automation Department, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Fengnian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Survey Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources of Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200136, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81560F","DOI":"10.1117\/12.894171","article-title":"Estimation of suspended sediment concentrations in the Yellow River by network monitoring records and satellite data","volume":"Volume 8156","author":"Qu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability VIII"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769514","DOI":"10.1117\/12.851901","article-title":"Development of a suspended particulate matter (SPM) algorithm for the coastal zone mapping and imaging lidar (CZMIL)","volume":"Volume 7695","author":"Epps","year":"2010","journal-title":"Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-003-0352-z","article-title":"Coupling satellite data with in situ measurements and numerical modeling to study fine suspended-sediment transport: A study for the lagoon of New Caledonia","volume":"23","author":"Ouillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Churnside, J.H. 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