{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:44:44Z","timestamp":1772113484310,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61431018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61431018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61331017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61331017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a new moving target detection algorithm for single channel circular Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is presented. Circular SAR can perform observation with circular trajectory and retrieve multiaspect information. Due to the circular trajectory, the moving target has long and complex apparent trace (smear trajectory), while the background (clutter) has relatively slow changing characteristic in limited azimuth integration. Thus, the background image can be filtered by using radiometric adjusted overlap subaperture images. Then, the Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR) of the region where the strong backscattering clutter exists is enhanced with logarithm background subtraction technique. In the real data experiment, the maximum SCR improvement is 13 dB. Finally, the moving target can be detected using a Constant False Alarm (CFAR) detector. The algorithm is evaluated with one channel data of three channel GOTCHA-GMTI dataset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10050742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T02:57:20Z","timestamp":1526266640000},"page":"742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Single Channel Circular SAR Moving Target Detection Based on Logarithm Background Subtraction Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Science (IECAS), University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Science (IECAS), University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingjuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Science (IECAS), University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feiteng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Science (IECAS), University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Science (IECAS), University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2354459","article-title":"Exploitation of the COSMO-SkyMed SAR system for GMTI applications","volume":"8","author":"Pastina","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2008.923026","article-title":"Wide-area traffic monitoring with the SAR\/GMTI system PAMIR","volume":"46","author":"Klare","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2201260","article-title":"A generalization of DPCA processing for multichannel SAR\/GMTI radars","volume":"51","author":"Sikaneta","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2009.5109948","article-title":"Airborne along-track interferometry for GMTI","volume":"24","author":"Chapin","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:19990106","article-title":"Space-time processing for multichannel synthetic aperture radar","volume":"11","author":"Ender","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electron. Commun. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5052","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2015.2438898","article-title":"Multichannel SAR-GMTI in Maritime scenarios With F-SAR and TerraSAR-X sensors","volume":"8","author":"Makhoul","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2015.2432736","article-title":"First results from an experimental ScanSAR-GMTI mode on RADARSAT-2","volume":"8","author":"Rousseau","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1971.310292","article-title":"Synthetic aperture imaging radar and moving targets","volume":"AES-7","author":"Raney","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1109\/7.953237","article-title":"Detecting moving targets in SAR imagery by focusing","volume":"37","author":"Fienup","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2010.2048572","article-title":"Detection of moving targets by focusing in UWB SAR-Theory and experimental results","volume":"48","author":"Vu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1109\/83.506760","article-title":"Reconnaissance with slant plane circular SAR imaging","volume":"5","author":"Soumekh","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frolind, P.O., Ulander, L.M.H., Gustavsson, A., and Stenstrom, G. (2012, January 22\u201327). VHF\/UHF-band SAR imaging using circular tracks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2012.6351917"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantalloube, H.M.J., Koeniguer, E.C., and Oriot, H. (2007, January 23\u201328). High resolution SAR imaging along circular trajectories. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2007.4422930"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponce, O., Prats, P., Rodriguez-Cassola, M., Scheiber, R., and Reigber, A. (2011, January 24\u201329). Processing of Circular SAR trajectories with Fast Factorized Back-Projection. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2011.6050026"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Hong, W., Tan, W., Wang, Y., and Xiang, M. (2012, January 22\u201327). Airborne circular SAR imaging: Results at P-band. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2012.6352051"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2269194","article-title":"Fully polarimetric high-resolution 3-D imaging with circular SAR at L-Band","volume":"52","author":"Ponce","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2191414","article-title":"Radargrammetric DEM extraction over urban area using circular SAR imagery","volume":"50","author":"Palm","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2011.2166081","article-title":"Circular-aperture VHF-Band synthetic aperture radar for detection of vehicles in forest concealment","volume":"50","author":"Frolind","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"18","article-title":"Along-track interferometry for simultaneous SAR and GMTI: Application to Gotcha challenge data","volume":"Volume 8051","author":"Zelnio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVIII, Proceedings of the SPIE, Orlando, FL, USA, 25\u201329 April 2011"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2369060","article-title":"Moving target tracking in single- and multichannel SAR","volume":"53","author":"Henke","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casalini, E., Henke, D., and Meier, E. (2016, January 22\u201323). GMTI in circular Sar data using STAP. Proceedings of the Sensor Signal Processing for Defence (SSPD), Edinburgh, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSPD.2016.7590602"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perlovsky, L., Ilin, R., Deming, R., Linnehan, R., and Lin, F. (2010, January 10\u201314). Moving target detection and characterization with circular SAR. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2010.5494540"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2191561","article-title":"Moving-target tracking in single-channel wide-beam SAR","volume":"50","author":"Henke","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2351419","article-title":"Ground moving target trajectory reconstruction in single-channel circular SAR","volume":"53","author":"Poisson","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/36.898664","article-title":"Multi-aspect target detection for SAR imagery using hidden Markov models","volume":"39","author":"Runkle","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarborough, S.M., Casteel, C.H., Gorham, L., Minardi, M.J., Majumder, U.K., Judge, M.G., Zelnio, E., Bryant, M., Nichols, H., and Page, D. (2009, January 29). A challenge problem for SAR-based GMTI in urban environments. Proceedings of the SPIE\u2014The International Society for Optical Engineering, Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.823461"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1109\/36.951089","article-title":"Theory of synthetic aperture radar imaging of a moving target","volume":"39","author":"Jao","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2013.0169","article-title":"Smear signature morphology of surface targets with arbitrary motion in spotlight synthetic aperture radar imagery","volume":"8","author":"Garren","year":"2014","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER12071909","article-title":"Fast GPU-based interpolation for SAR backprojection","volume":"133","author":"Capozzoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Electromagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"20","article-title":"Polar format algorithm for SAR imaging with Matlab","volume":"Volume 9093","author":"Deming","year":"2014","journal-title":"Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI, Proceedings of the SPIE, Baltimore, MD, USA, 5\u20139 May 2014"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.838698","article-title":"Image change detection algorithms: A systematic survey","volume":"14","author":"Radke","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.876288","article-title":"Generalized minimum-error thresholding for unsupervised change detection from SAR amplitude imagery","volume":"44","author":"Moser","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2170702","article-title":"Change detection in synthetic aperture radar images based on image fusion and fuzzy clustering","volume":"21","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"11","article-title":"Performance of a high-resolution polarimetric SAR automatic target recognition system","volume":"6","author":"Novak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Linc. Lab. J."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"19","article-title":"Simultaneous SAR and GMTI using ATI\/DPCA","volume":"Volume 9093","author":"Deming","year":"2014","journal-title":"Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI, Proceedings of the SPIE, Baltimore, MD, USA, 5\u20139 May 2014"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/5\/742\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:03:50Z","timestamp":1760195030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/5\/742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10050742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10050742","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]}}}