{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:29:44Z","timestamp":1766158184454,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council Starting Grant","award":["637643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["637643"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF-IOS 1558093","NSF-DEB 1822473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF-IOS 1558093","NSF-DEB 1822473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tropical forests are currently experiencing large-scale structural changes, including an increase in liana abundance and biomass. Higher liana abundance results in reduced tree growth and increased tree mortality, possibly playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. Despite the large amount of data currently available on lianas, there are not many quantitative studies on the influence of lianas on the vertical structure of the forest. We study the potential of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in detecting and quantifying changes in forest structure after liana cutting using a small scale removal experiment in two plots (removal plot and non-manipulated control plot) in a secondary forest in Panama. We assess the structural changes by comparing the vertical plant profiles and Canopy Height Models (CHMs) between pre-cut and post-cut scans in the removal plot. We show that TLS is able to detect the local structural changes in all the vertical strata of the plot caused by liana removal. Our study demonstrates the reproducibility of the TLS derived metrics for the same location confirming the applicability of TLS for continuous monitoring of liana removal plots to study the long-term impacts of lianas on forest structure. We therefore recommend to use TLS when implementing new large scale liana removal experiments, as the impact of lianas on forest structure will determine the aboveground competition for light between trees and lianas, which has important implications for the global carbon cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T02:55:43Z","timestamp":1527130543000},"page":"810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Detect Liana Impact on Forest Structure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6838-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sruthi M.","family":"Krishna Moorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAVElab\u2014Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4562-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Calders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAVElab\u2014Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Manfredo","family":"Di Porcia e Brugnera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAVElab\u2014Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Schnitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1490-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Verbeeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAVElab\u2014Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5477.270","article-title":"Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years","volume":"289","author":"Crowley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/2388278","article-title":"Effects of logging, drought, and fire on structure and composition of tropical forests in Sabah, Malaysia","volume":"21","author":"Woods","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.07.009","article-title":"Tropical forests in a changing environment","volume":"20","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. 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