{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:24:46Z","timestamp":1762352686429,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>IEA Wind Task 32 serves as an international platform for the research community and industry to identify and mitigate barriers to the use of lidars in wind energy applications. The workshop \u201cOptimizing Lidar Design for Wind Energy Applications\u201d was held in July 2016 to identify lidar system properties that are desirable for wind turbine control applications and help foster the widespread application of lidar-assisted control (LAC). One of the main barriers this workshop aimed to address is the multidisciplinary nature of LAC. Since lidar suppliers, wind turbine manufacturers, and researchers typically focus on their own areas of expertise, it is possible that current lidar systems are not optimal for control purposes. This paper summarizes the results of the workshop, addressing both practical and theoretical aspects, beginning with a review of the literature on lidar optimization for control applications. Next, barriers to the use of lidar for wind turbine control are identified, such as availability and reliability concerns, followed by practical suggestions for mitigating those barriers. From a theoretical perspective, the optimization of lidar scan patterns by minimizing the error between the measurements and the rotor effective wind speed of interest is discussed. Frequency domain methods for directly calculating measurement error using a stochastic wind field model are reviewed and applied to the optimization of several continuous wave and pulsed Doppler lidar scan patterns based on commercially-available systems. An overview of the design process for a lidar-assisted pitch controller for rotor speed regulation highlights design choices that can impact the usefulness of lidar measurements beyond scan pattern optimization. Finally, using measurements from an optimized scan pattern, it is shown that the rotor speed regulation achieved after optimizing the lidar-assisted control scenario via time domain simulations matches the performance predicted by the theoretical frequency domain model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T08:52:03Z","timestamp":1528102323000},"page":"863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Optimizing Lidars for Wind Turbine Control Applications\u2014Results from the IEA Wind Task 32 Workshop"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Simley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Envision Energy USA Ltd., 1201 Louisiana St. Suite 500, Houston, TX 77002, USA"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"F\u00fcrst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stuttgart Wind Energy, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Haizmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stuttgart Wind Energy, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schlipf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stuttgart Wind Energy, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholbrock, A., Fleming, P., Schlipf, D., Wright, A., Johnson, K., and Wang, N. (2016, January 6\u20138). Lidar-Enhanced Wind Turbine Control: Past, Present, and Future. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2016.7525113"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2007.02.029","article-title":"Advance Measurements of Gusts by Laser Anemometry","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Harris, M., Hand, M., and Wright, A. (2006). Lidar for Turbine Control, Technical Report, NREL\/TP-500-39154."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Medley, J., Barker, W., Harris, M., Pitter, M., Slinger, C., Mikkelsen, T., and Sj\u00f6holm, M. (2014, January 10\u201313). Evaluation of Wind Flow with a Nacelle-Mounted, Continuous Wave Wind Lidar. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1564","article-title":"A Spinner-Integrated Wind Lidar for Enhanced Wind Turbine Control","volume":"16","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6holm, M., Pedersen, A.T., Angelou, N., Abari, F.F., Mikkelsen, T., Harris, M., Slinger, C., and Kapp, S. (2013, January 4\u20137). Full Two-Dimensional Rotor Plane Inflow Measurements by a Spinner-Integrated Wind Lidar. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2018, April 19). Windar Photonics. Available online: http:\/\/www.windarphotonics.com\/."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Schlipf, D., Fleming, P., Haizmann, F., Scholbrock, A.K., Hofs\u00e4\u00df, M., Wright, A., and Cheng, P.W. (2012, January 9\u201311). Field Testing of Feedforward Collective Pitch Control on the CART2 Using a Nacelle-Based Lidar Scanner. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Oldenburg, Germany."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Bossanyi, E., Scholbrock, A., Fleming, P., Boquet, M., and Krishnamurthy, R. (2015, January 17\u201320). Field Testing of LIDAR Assisted Feedforward Control Algorithms for Improved Speed Control and Fatigue Load Reduction on a 600 kW Wind Turbine. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Paris, France."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Borraccino, A., and Courtney, M. (2016). Calibration Report for Avent 5-Beam Demonstrator Lidar, DTU Wind Energy. Technical Report, DTU Wind Energy E-0087."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleming, P.A., Scholbrock, A.K., Jehu, A., Davoust, S., Osler, E., Wright, A.D., and Clifton, A. (2014, January 17\u201320). Field-Test Results using a Nacelle-Mounted Lidar for Improving Wind Turbine Power Capture by Reducing Yaw Misalignment. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Lyngby, Denmark.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/524\/1\/012002"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholbrock, A., Fleming, P., Wright, A., Slinger, C., Medley, J., and Harris, M. (2015, January 5\u20139). Field Test Results from Lidar Measured Yaw Control for Improved Yaw Alignment with the NREL Controls Advanced Research Turbine. Proceedings of the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Kissimmee, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2015-1209"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Bossanyi, E.A., Kumar, A., and Hugues-Salas, O. (2012, January 9\u201311). Wind Turbine Control Applications of Turbine-Mounted Lidar. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Oldenburg, Germany."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Schlipf, D., Kapp, S., Anger, J., Bischoff, O., Hofs\u00e4\u00df, M., Rettenmeier, A., Smolka, U., and K\u00fchn, M. (2011, January 14\u201317). Prospects of Optimization of Energy Production by LiDAR Assisted Control of Wind Turbines. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Brussels, Belgium."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, N., Johnson, K., and Wright, A. (2012, January 9\u201312). Combined Feedforward and Feedback Controllers for Turbine Power Capture Enhancement and Fatigue Loads Mitigation with Pulsed Lidar. Proceedings of the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Nashville, TN, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2012-1022"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlipf, D., Fleming, P., Kapp, S., Scholbrock, A., Haizmann, F., Belen, F., Wright, A., and Cheng, P.W. (2013, January 17\u201319). Direct Speed Control Using LIDAR and Turbine Data. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2013.6580163"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Schlipf, D., and K\u00fchn, M. (2008, January 26\u201327). Prospects of a Collective Pitch Control by Means of Predictive Disturbance Compensation Assisted by Wind Speed Measurements. Proceedings of the German Wind Energy Conference (DEWEK), Bremen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1533","article-title":"Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Wind Turbines using LIDAR","volume":"16","author":"Schlipf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Schlipf, D., Schuler, S., Grau, P., Allg\u00f6wer, F., and K\u00fchn, M. (2010, January 28\u201330). Look-Ahead Cyclic Pitch Control using LIDAR. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Heraklion, Greece."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2011.02.003","article-title":"The Use of Preview Wind Measurements for Blade Pitch Control","volume":"21","author":"Laks","year":"2011","journal-title":"IFAC J. Mechatron."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne, F., Schlipf, D., Pao, L.Y., Wright, A.D., Jonkman, B., Kelley, N., and Simley, E. (2012, January 9\u201312). Comparison of Two Independent Lidar-Based Pitch Control Designs. Proceedings of the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Nashville, TN, USA.","DOI":"10.2172\/1050139"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1675","article-title":"Sensor Comparison Study for Load Alleviating Wind Turbine Pitch Control","volume":"17","author":"Kragh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wortmann, S., Geisler, J., and Konigorski, U. (2016, January 5\u20137). Lidar-Assisted Feedforward Individual Pitch Control to Compensate Wind Shear and Yawed Inflow. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/753\/5\/052014"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aho, J., Pao, L., and Hauser, J. (2013, January 17\u201319). Optimal Trajectory Tracking Control for Wind Turbines during Operating Region Transitions. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2013.6580036"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzaei, M., Soltani, M., Poulsen, N.K., and Niemann, H.H. (2013, January 17\u201319). Model Predictive Control of Wind Turbines using Uncertain Lidar Measurements. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2013.6580167"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2014.05.041","article-title":"LiDAR-Enabled Model Predictive Control of Wind Turbines with Real-Time Capabilities","volume":"71","author":"Bottasso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlipf, D. (2016, January 6\u20138). Prospects of Multivariable Feedforward Control of Wind Turbines Using Lidar. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2016.7525112"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laks, J., Simley, E., and Pao, L.Y. (2013, January 17\u201319). A Spectral Model for Evaluating the Effect of Wind Evolution on Wind Turbine Preview Control. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2013.6580400"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1973","article-title":"Optimal Blade Pitch Control with Realistic Preview Wind Measurements","volume":"19","author":"Dunne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholbrock, A., Fleming, P., Fingersh, L., Wright, A., Schlipf, D., Haizmann, F., and Belen, F. (2013, January 7\u201310). Field Testing LIDAR-Based Feed-Forward Controls on the NREL Controls Advanced Research Turbine. Proceedings of the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Grapevine, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2013-818"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Koerber, A., and Mehendale, C. (2013, January 5\u20138). Lidar Assisted Turbine Control... An Industrial Perspective. Proceedings of the American Wind Energy Association WINDPOWER Conference, Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"476","article-title":"The Spectrum of Turbulence","volume":"164","author":"Taylor","year":"1938","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02350508","article-title":"On Longitudinal Spectral Coherence","volume":"16","author":"Kristensen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bound.-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Bossanyi, E.A. (2012, January 16\u201319). Un-Freezing the Wind: Improved Wind Field Modelling for Investigating Lidar-Assisted Wind Turbine Control. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Copenhagen, Denmark."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1492","article-title":"Precision and Shortcomings of Yaw Error Estimation using Spinner-Based Light Detection and Ranging","volume":"16","author":"Kragh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1584","article-title":"Analysis of Light Detection and Ranging Wind Speed Measurements for Wind Turbine Control","volume":"17","author":"Simley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonkman, J., Butterfield, S., Musial, W., and Scott, G. (2009). Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development, Technical Report, NREL\/TP-500-38060.","DOI":"10.2172\/947422"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simley, E., Pao, L.Y., Gebraad, P., and Churchfield, M. (2014, January 17\u201320). Investigation of the Impact of the Upstream Induction Zone on LIDAR Measurement Accuracy for Wind Turbine Control Applications using Large-Eddy Simulation. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Lyngby, Denmark.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/524\/1\/012003"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-13-00077.1","article-title":"Model of the Correlation between Lidar Systems and Wind Turbines for Lidar-Assisted Control","volume":"30","author":"Schlipf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1127\/metz\/2015\/0634","article-title":"Detection of Wind Evolution and Lidar Trajectory Optimization for Lidar-Assisted Wind Turbine Control","volume":"24","author":"Schlipf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185733","article-title":"Turbulence Characteristics along Several Towers","volume":"1","author":"Pielke","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bound.-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simley, E., and Pao, L.Y. (2013, January 17\u201319). Reducing LIDAR Wind Speed Measurement Error with Optimal Filtering. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2013.6579906"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Schlipf, D. (2016). Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Stuttgart]."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simley, E., and Pao, L.Y. (2013, January 7\u201310). Correlation between Rotating LIDAR Measurements and Blade Effective Wind Speed. Proceedings of the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Grapevine, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2013-749"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Simley, E. (2015). Wind Speed Preview Measurement and Estimation for Feedforward Control of Wind Turbines. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder]."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simley, E., and Pao, L.Y. (2015, January 1\u20133). A Longitudinal Spatial Coherence Model for Wind Evolution based on Large-Eddy Simulation. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2015.7171906"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Davoust, S., Mashtare, D., Markham, T., Shane, C., Stinson, K., Velociter, T., and Krishna Murthy, R. (2015, January 17\u201320). Evaluation of LiDAR Performance for Practical Turbine Control Implementation. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Paris, France."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Davoust, S., Jehu, A., Bouillet, M., Bardon, M., Vercherin, B., Scholbrock, A., Fleming, P., and Wright, A. (2014, January 10\u201313). Assessment and Optimization of Lidar Measurement Availability for Wind Turbine Control. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Annual Event, Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dykes, K., Ning, A., King, R., Graf, P., Scott, G., and Veers, P. (2014, January 13\u201317). Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Plant Performance to Key Turbine Design Parameters: A Systems Engineering Approach. Proceedings of the 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, National Harbor, MD, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2014-1087"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"052011","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/753\/5\/052011","article-title":"Turbulent Extreme Event Simulations for Lidar-Assisted Wind Turbine Control","volume":"753","author":"Schlipf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne, F., Pao, L.Y., Schlipf, D., and Scholbrock, A.K. (2014, January 4\u20136). Importance of Lidar Measurement Timing Accuracy for Wind Turbine Control. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2014.6859337"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Pitter, M., Slinger, C., and Harris, M. (2013). Introduction to Continuous-Wave Doppler LIDAR, Chapter 4 in Remote Sensing for Wind Energy, DTU Wind Energy. Technical Report, DTU Wind Energy-E-Report-0029(EN)."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Mikkelsen, T. (2009, January 16\u201319). On Mean Wind and Turbulence Profile Measurements from Ground-Based Wind Lidars: Limitations in Time and Space Resolution with Continuous Wave and Pulsed Lidar Systems\u2014A Review. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Cariou, J.P. (2013). Pulsed Lidars, Chapter 5 in Remote Sensing for Wind Energy, DTU Wind Energy. Technical Report, DTU Wind Energy-E-Report-0029(EN)."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raach, S., Schlipf, D., Haizmann, F., and Cheng, P.W. (2014, January 17\u201320). Three Dimensional Dynamic Model Based Wind Field Reconstruction from Lidar Data. Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind, Lyngby, Denmark.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/524\/1\/012005"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2005). IEC 61400-1 \u201cWind Turbines-Part 1: Design Requirements\u201d, International Electrotechnical Commission. [3rd ed.]. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Hansen, M., Hansen, A., Larsen, T., \u00d8ye, S., S\u00f8rensen, P., and Fuglsang, P. (2005). Control Design for a Pitch-Regulated, Variable-Speed Wind Turbine, Ris\u00f8 National Laboratory. Technical Report, Ris\u00f8-R-1500(EN)."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-006-9027-1","article-title":"Aero-Servo-Elastic Modelling and Control of Wind Turbines using Finite-Element Multibody Procedures","volume":"16","author":"Bottasso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Multibody Syst. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Horowitz, I.M. (1963). Synthesis of Feedback Systems, Academic Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Hagemann, T., Haizmann, F., Schlipf, D., and Cheng, P.W. (2017, January 17\u201318). Realistic simulations of extreme load cases with lidar-based feedforward control. Proceedings of the German Wind Energy Conference (DEWEK), Bremen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raach, S., Schlipf, D., Borisade, F., and Cheng, P.W. (2016, January 6\u20138). Wake Redirecting using Feedback Control to Improve the Power Output of Wind Farms. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2016.7525111"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1824","article-title":"Real-time Wind Feld Reconstruction from LiDAR Measurements using a Dynamic Wind Model and State Estimation","volume":"19","author":"Towers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Molter, C., and Cheng, P.W. (2017, January 12\u201315). Optimal Placement of an Airflow Probe at a Multirotor UAV for Airborne Wind Measurements. Proceedings of the European Rotorcraft Forum (ERF), Milan, Italy."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/6\/863\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:06:53Z","timestamp":1760195213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/6\/863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10060863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10060863","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}}}