{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:00:19Z","timestamp":1760241619119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 61671336","No. 91738302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 61671336","No. 91738302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University","award":["17E03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17E03"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["413000048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413000048"]}]},{"name":"the EU FP7 QUICK project under Grant Agreement","award":["No. PIRSES-GA-2013-612652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PIRSES-GA-2013-612652"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>City surveillance enables many innovative applications of smart cities. However, the real-time utilization of remotely sensed surveillance data via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or video satellites is hindered by the considerable gap between the high data collection rate and the limited transmission bandwidth. High efficiency compression of the data is in high demand. Long-term background redundancy (LBR) (in contrast to local spatial\/temporal redundancies in a single video clip) is a new form of redundancy common in Earth observatory video data (EOVD). LBR is induced by the repetition of static landscapes across multiple video clips and becomes significant as the number of video clips shot of the same area increases. Eliminating LBR improves EOVD coding efficiency considerably. First, this study proposes eliminating LBR by creating a long-term background referencing library (LBRL) containing high-definition geographically registered images of an entire area. Then, it analyzes the factors affecting the variations in the image representations of the background. Next, it proposes a method of generating references for encoding current video and develops the encoding and decoding framework for EOVD compression. Experimental results show that encoding UAV video clips with the proposed method saved an average of more than 54% bits using references generated under the same conditions. Bitrate savings reached 25\u201335% when applied to satellite video data with arbitrarily collected reference images. Applying the proposed coding method to EOVD will facilitate remote surveillance, which can foster the development of online smart city applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T06:25:52Z","timestamp":1528179952000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Towards Real-Time Service from Remote Sensing: Compression of Earth Observatory Video Data via Long-Term Background Referencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Wuhan University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruimin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5708-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9524-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wuhan University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deren","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2014.52","article-title":"IK-SVD: Dictionary Learning for Spatial Big Data via Incremental Atom Update","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. 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