{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:08:04Z","timestamp":1771034884345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNG15HQ01C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNG15HQ01C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple satellite-based earth observations and traditional station data along with the Soil &amp; Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model were employed to enhance the Lower Mekong River Basin region\u2019s hydrological decision support system. A nearest neighbor approximation methodology was introduced to fill the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrieval for the Global Precipitation Measurement mission (IMERG) grid points from 2001 to 2014, together with the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) data points for continuous precipitation forcing for our hydrological decision support system. A software tool to access and format satellite-based earth observation systems of precipitation and minimum and maximum air temperatures was developed and is presented. Our results suggest that the model-simulated streamflow utilizing TRMM and IMERG forcing data was able to capture the variability of the observed streamflow patterns in the Lower Mekong better than model-simulated streamflow with in-situ precipitation station data. We also present satellite-based and in-situ precipitation adjustment maps that can serve to correct precipitation data for the Lower Mekong region for use in other applications. The inconsistency, scarcity, poor spatial representation, difficult access and incompleteness of the available in-situ precipitation data for the Mekong region make it imperative to adopt satellite-based earth observations to pursue hydrologic modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T07:38:15Z","timestamp":1528270695000},"page":"885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Improved Hydrological Decision Support System for the Lower Mekong River Basin Using Satellite-Based Earth Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Nourein","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Applications International Corporation, Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 617.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1101-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D.","family":"Bolten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 617.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8375-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghavan","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Sciences Laboratory, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}]},{"given":"Venkat","family":"Lakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09440","article-title":"Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity","volume":"467","author":"McIntyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201423109","article-title":"Trading-off fish biodiversity, food security, and hydropower in the Mekong River Basin","volume":"109","author":"Ziv","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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