{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T22:53:21Z","timestamp":1772060001372,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) is a major source of rivers, catchment areas, and ecological barriers in the northeast of China, related to the nation\u2019s ecological security and improvement of the ecological environment. Therefore, studying the response of vegetation to climate change has become an important part of current global change research. Since existing studies lack detailed descriptions of the response of vegetation to different climatic factors using the method of grey correlation analysis based on pixel, the temporal and spatial patterns and trends of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) are analyzed in the growing season in IMAR from 2000 to 2015 based on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) EVI data. Combined with the data of air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation in the study area, the grey relational analysis (GRA) method is used to study the time lag of EVI to climate change, and the study area is finally zoned into different parts according to the driving climatic factors for EVI on the basis of lag analysis. The driving zones quantitatively show the characteristics of temporal and spatial differences in response to different climatic factors for EVI. The results show that: (1) The value of EVI generally features in spatial distribution, increasing from the west to the east and the south to the north. The rate of change is 0.22\/10\u00b0E from the west to the east, 0.28\/10\u00b0N from the south to the north; (2) During 2000\u20132015, the EVI in IMAR showed a slightly upward trend with a growth rate of 0.021\/10a. Among them, the areas with slight and significant improvement accounted for 21.1% and 7.5% of the total area respectively, ones with slight and significant degradation being 24.6% and 4.3%; (3) The time lag analysis of climatic factors for EVI indicates that vegetation growth in the study area lags behind air temperature by 1\u20132 months, relative humidity by 1\u20132 months, and precipitation by one month respectively; (4) During the growing season, the EVI of precipitation driving zone (21.8%) in IMAR is much larger than that in the air temperature driving zone (8%) and the relative humidity driving zone (11.6%). The growth of vegetation in IMAR generally has the closest relationship with precipitation. The growth of vegetation does not depend on the change of a single climatic factor. Instead, it is the result of the combined action of multiple climatic factors and human activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T11:21:20Z","timestamp":1529061680000},"page":"961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of EVI and Its Response to Climatic Factors in Recent 16 years Based on Grey Relational Analysis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9592-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"},{"name":"The Engineering &amp; Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9506-5311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guihua","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"},{"name":"The Engineering &amp; Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000, China"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering &amp; Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000, China"},{"name":"Department of Geophysical Engineering, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT 59801, USA"}]},{"given":"Jingji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Technology, College of Environmental and Civil Engineering Institute, Chengdu 610059, China"},{"name":"Chengdu University of Technology, Institute of Ecological Resource and Landscape, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"NDVI-Based vegetation change in Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2006 and its relationship to climate at the biome scale","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6043263","article-title":"Changes in Vegetation Growth Dynamics and Relations with Climate over China\u2019s Landmass from 1982 to 2011","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.02.010","article-title":"Global isoprene and monoterpene emissions under changing climate, vegetation, CO2, and land use","volume":"155","author":"Hantson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-007-0137-2","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover on the Chinese Loess Plateau (1981\u20132006): Impacts of climate changes and human activities","volume":"51","author":"Xin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. China Ser. D"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12356","article-title":"Conservation of future boreal forest bird communities considering lags in vegetation response to climate change: A modified refugia approach","volume":"21","author":"Stralberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Divers. Distrib."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keersmaecker, W.D., Lhermitte, S., Hill, M., Tits, L., Coppin, P., and Somers, B. (2017). Assessment of regional vegetation response to climate anomalies: A case study for australia using GIMMS NDVI time series between 1982 and 2006. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9010034"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.01.003","article-title":"Interannual variability of vegetation over the Indian sub-continent and its relation to the different meteorological parameters","volume":"90","author":"Sarkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000102548","article-title":"A spatial regression procedure for evaluating the relationship between AVHRR-NDVI and climate in the northern Great Plains","volume":"25","author":"Peters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2014.09.009","article-title":"An improved logistic method for detecting spring vegetation phenology in grasslands from MODIS EVI time-series data","volume":"200","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, H., Li, X., Bao, Y., Huang, L., and Li, Z. (2010, January 25\u201330). Time lag analysis between vegetation and climate change in Inner Mongolia. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2010.5652806"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001\u20132010","volume":"67","author":"Mu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, S., Yi, S., Peichl, M., and Wang, X. (2017). Diverse responses of vegetation phenology to climate change in different grasslands in Inner Mongolia during 2000\u20132016. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10010017"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-005-6339-8","article-title":"Variations in vegetation net primary production in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China, from 1982 to 1999","volume":"74","author":"Piao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, S., Zhang, J., Si, H., Lai, Q., and Ma, Q. (2016). Dynamics of Fractional Vegetation Coverage and Its Relationship with Climate and Human Activities in Inner Mongolia, China. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8090776"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.01.066","article-title":"Relationship between vegetation change and extreme climate indices on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China, from 1982\u20132013","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-014-0044-9","article-title":"Climate and native grassland vegetation as drivers of the community structures of shrub-encroached grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0992.1","article-title":"Primary production and rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Mongolia Plateau","volume":"89","author":"Bai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2005.03.007","article-title":"Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981\u20132003","volume":"63","author":"Anyamba","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.08.009","article-title":"Determinants of the interannual relationships between remote sensed photosynthetic activity and rainfall in tropical Africa","volume":"106","author":"Camberlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.07.019","article-title":"Large-area crop mapping using time-series MODIS 250m NDVI data: An assessment for the U.S. Central Great Plains","volume":"112","author":"Wardlow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02419.x","article-title":"Changes in satellite-derived vegetation growth trend in temperate and boreal Eurasia from 1982 to 2006","volume":"17","author":"Piao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"253","article-title":"MODIS-NDVI-based mapping of the length of the growing season in northern Fennoscandia","volume":"10","author":"Karlsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.09.008","article-title":"Relationship between satellite-derived land surface temperatures, arctic vegetation types, and NDVI","volume":"112","author":"Raynolds","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014425108","article-title":"Spring temperature change and its implication in the change of vegetation growth in North America from 1982 to 2006","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2011.05.007","article-title":"Changing climate affects vegetation growth in the arid region of the northwestern China","volume":"75","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"319","article-title":"Effects of Climate Change on Vegetation in Desert Steppe Inner Mongolia","volume":"4","author":"Dan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3897\/natureconservation.25.20063","article-title":"Planning priority conservation areas under climate change for six plant species with extremely small populations in China","volume":"25","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"24","article-title":"Study of normalized difference vegetation index variation and its correlation with climate factors in the three-river-source region","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2015.1093196","article-title":"The implications of serial correlation and time-lag effects for the impact study of climate change on vegetation dynamics\u2014A case study with Hulunber meadow steppe, Inner Mongolia","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., and Zhou, W. (2016, January 4\u20136). Correlation analysis between vegetation fraction and vegetation indices in reclaimed forest: A case study in Pingshuo mining area. Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, Guangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/EORSA.2016.7552779"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1071\/BT15239","article-title":"Comparing the impacts of different types of recreational trails on grey box grassy-woodland vegetation: Lessons for conservation and management","volume":"64","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"267","article-title":"The Lag Response of the Growth Dynamics of Dominant Grasses to Meteorological Factors in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Agrestia Sin."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-15-1319-2018","article-title":"Climate effects on vegetation vitality at the treeline of boreal forests of Mongolia","volume":"15","author":"Klinge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, X., and Xu, X. (2012, January 2\u20134). Rmote sensing of leaf water content for winter wheat using grey relational analysis (GRA), stepwise regression method (SRM) and partial least squares (PLS). Proceedings of the IEEE First International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics, Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/Agro-Geoinformatics.2012.6311706"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.11.034","article-title":"Contrasting responses of grassland water and carbon exchanges to climate change between Tibetan Plateau and Inner Mongolia","volume":"249","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.10.008","article-title":"Vulnerability assessment of spring wheat production to climate change in the Inner Mongolia region of China","volume":"85","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168608948914","article-title":"Global vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations over Asia","volume":"7","author":"Malingreau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1080\/014311600209814","article-title":"Reconstructing cloudfree NDVI composites using Fourier analysis of time series","volume":"21","author":"Roerink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"15149","article-title":"Homogeneity Test on Temperature Series in Liaoning Province","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Shao, J., and Luo, H. (2011, January 24\u201326). Spatial interpolation of air temperature with ANUSPLIN in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, Nanjing, China."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.04.140","article-title":"The spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon budget in the alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model","volume":"107","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.4721","article-title":"Development of moderate-resolution gridded monthly air temperature and degree-day maps for the Labrador-Ungava region of northern Canada","volume":"37","author":"Way","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-015-1572-1","article-title":"NDVI-based vegetation responses to climate change in an arid area of China","volume":"126","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"132","article-title":"MODIS-derived EVI, NDVI and WDRVI time series to estimate phenological metrics in French deciduous forests","volume":"64","author":"Testa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540601043124","article-title":"Product end-of-life options selection: Grey relational analysis approach","volume":"46","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C., Wang, Y., Wei, Y., and Yu, L. (2010, January 17\u201318). A lag analysis of R&D investment driving economic growth using grey relational model. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, Wuhan, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ESIAT.2010.5568972"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-014-3027-z","article-title":"Response of Lakes to Climate Change in Xainza Basin Tibetan Plateau Using Multi-Mission Satellite Data from 1976 to 2008","volume":"12","author":"Yi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mt. Sci. Engl."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13886","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121113886","article-title":"Delayed Response of Lake Area Change to Climate Change in Siling Co Lake, Tibetan Plateau, from 2003 to 2013","volume":"12","author":"Yi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00174-3","article-title":"Assessing vegetation response to drought in the northern Great Plains using vegetation and drought indices","volume":"87","author":"Lei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2005.01.015","article-title":"Inter-annual variability and interaction of remote-sensed vegetation index and atmospheric precipitation in the Aral Sea region","volume":"62","author":"Nezlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/2845953","article-title":"Transient effects of climate on vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations","volume":"22","author":"Goward","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"512","article-title":"Temporal lag of grassland vegetation growth reponse to precipitation in xilinguolemeng","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arid Land Geogr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050985","article-title":"C4 plants in the vegetation of Mongolia: Their natural occurrence and geographical distribution in relation to climate","volume":"123","author":"Pyankov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Tu, Z., Zhou, Y., and Yu, G. (2018). Profiling Human-Induced Vegetation Change in the Horqin Sandy Land of China Using Time Series Datasets. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10041068"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1071\/S97024","article-title":"Runoff and micromorphological properties of a grazed haplargid, near Cobar, NSW, Australia","volume":"36","author":"Greene","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soil Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(1999)009[0065:IOGMOT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Impact of grazing management on the carbon and nitrogen balance of a mixed-grass rangeland","volume":"9","author":"Schuman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecol Appl."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/4\/045010","article-title":"Land cover\/land use change in semi-arid Inner Mongolia: 1992\u20132004","volume":"4","author":"John","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Yin, H. (2014). Understanding Land Use And Land Cover Change In Inner Mongolia Using Remote Sensing Time Series. [Ph.D. Thesis, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin]."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.08.030","article-title":"Land use and land cover change in Inner Mongolia-understanding the effects of China\u2019s re-vegetation programs","volume":"204","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2018, June 15). Bureau of stati of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Available online: http:\/\/www.nmgtj.gov.cn\/."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/6\/961\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:08:55Z","timestamp":1760195335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/6\/961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10060961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10060961","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]}}}