{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T16:51:46Z","timestamp":1769878306889,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41521004, 41575017, 41627807 and 41505011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41521004, 41575017, 41627807 and 41505011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China 111 project","award":["B 13045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B 13045"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzujbky-2017-k03, lzujbky-2017-kb02 and lzujbky-2017-it21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2017-k03, lzujbky-2017-kb02 and lzujbky-2017-it21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dust aerosols have significant impact on the environment and climate through long-range transport. We report, in this paper, a case of dust\u2013cloud interaction process using combined measurements of a ground-based polarization and Raman (PR) lidar systems, and implemented by the spaceborne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar observations. The dust event occurred on 14 March 2009 over East Asia. During the two hours of observing time, the ground-based lidar observed an ongoing process of decreasing of the depolarization ratio (DR) accompanied by the increase of the water vapor simultaneously, indicating a dust\u2013cloud interaction and particle transformation. CALIPSO measurements also found similar layers of dusts and clouds over lands and oceans with properties similar to the ground based lidar measurements. Our observation was a real-time dust\u2013cloud process with the observation of occurrence of particle transformation. The depolarization reduced from 0.2 to 0.1 corresponding to a change of aspect ratio from 1.2 to 1.1. A discussion of a dust\u2013cloud interaction in terms of three-stage cloud processes is made based on back-trajectory analyses and lidar observations. The result shows that dust aerosols decrease the cloud extinction coefficient by 41% but increase the cloud optical depth (COD) of water cloud by 12.79%, compared with that of pure water clouds. Furthermore, if dust aerosols participate as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in cloud physical processes, then they significantly reduce the size of the cloud droplet by 44\u201379%. Finally, based on three-year collocated CALIPSO and CloudSat measurements from 2007 to 2010, we found approximately one-third of clouds are originally dusty in the spring over the Pacific Coast areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10071017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T11:03:25Z","timestamp":1529924605000},"page":"1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Real-Time Observations of Dust\u2013Cloud Interactions Based on Polarization and Raman Lidar Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Jan-Bai","family":"Nee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli 32001, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71070, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Hongchun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Wencai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20255","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD000053","article-title":"Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model","volume":"106","author":"Ginoux","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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