{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:01:35Z","timestamp":1760241695304,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hong Kong RGC Joint Research Scheme","award":["E-PolyU501\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-PolyU501\/16"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China","award":["41525014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41525014"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Innovation Group Foundation of China","award":["41721003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41721003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The site displacement due to diurnal and semidiurnal atmospheric tides (S1\/S2) is often neglected in the routine precise GPS data processing. We recall the S1\/S2 modeling method and show the magnitude of the S1\/S2 tides under the Center of Mass (CM) frame. The results show that the annual amplitudes caused by both S1 and S2 tides exceed 1 mm for stations near the equator. The impact of S1\/S2 on the 24-h Global Positioning System (GPS) solution is typically at the sub-mm level, and the scatter of the S1\/S2 caused displacement difference increases with the decreasing latitude for northern hemisphere stations, among which the maximum Standard Deviation (STD) reaches up to 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.7 mm for the Up, East and North components, respectively, at low-latitude stations. We also find that 65% of the stations\u2019 vertical velocity change caused by S1\/S2 is larger than 1%, among which the maximum velocity variation rate reaches more than 40% for some coastal\/island stations, while stations with the weighted root mean square reduced account for 65%, 39%, and 38% for the up, east, and north components respectively, in particular for most coastal\/island stations. Furthermore, the S1\/S2 correction could partly reduce the annual and the semi-annual signals of the global stacked vertical component together with the semi-annual amplitude of the east component. The power of some anomalous harmonics of 1.04 cycle per year also decreased a lot. These results further prove the benefits of S1\/S2 correction in the precise GPS data processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10071125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T08:45:42Z","timestamp":1531903542000},"page":"1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Magnitude of Diurnal\/Semidiurnal Atmospheric Tides (S1\/S2) and Their Impacts on the Continuous GPS Coordinate Time Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 181 Chatham Road South, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 181 Chatham Road South, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liansheng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics Valley BeiDou International School, Hubei Polytechnic University, 16 Guilinbei Road, Huangshi 435003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31109","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900927","article-title":"Diurnal variation in global surface wind fields","volume":"104","author":"Dai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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