{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:16Z","timestamp":1780444816351,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-28126Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-28126Y"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ml\u00e1de\u017ee a t\u011blov\u00fdchovy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky","award":["CENAKVA II (project No. LO1205 under the NPU I program)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENAKVA II (project No. LO1205 under the NPU I program)"]}]},{"name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ml\u00e1de\u017ee a t\u011blov\u00fdchovy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky","award":["CENAKVA (project No. CZ.1.05\/2.1.00\/01.0024)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENAKVA (project No. CZ.1.05\/2.1.00\/01.0024)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The monitoring and quantification of soil carbon provide a better understanding of soil and atmosphere dynamics. Visible-near-infrared-short-wave infrared (VIS-NIR-SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy can quantitatively estimate soil carbon content more rapidly and cost-effectively compared to traditional laboratory analysis. However, effective estimation of soil carbon using reflectance spectroscopy to a great extent depends on the selection of a suitable preprocessing sequence and data-mining algorithm. Many efforts have been dedicated to the comparison of conventional chemometric techniques and their optimization for soil properties prediction. Instead, the current study focuses on the potential of the new data-mining engine PARACUDA-II\u00ae, recently developed at Tel-Aviv University (TAU), by comparing its performance in predicting soil oxidizable carbon (Cox) against common data-mining algorithms including partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forests (RF), boosted regression trees (BRT), support vector machine regression (SVMR), and memory based learning (MBL). To this end, 103 soil samples from the Pokrok dumpsite in the Czech Republic were scanned with an ASD FieldSpec III Pro FR spectroradiometer in the laboratory under a strict protocol. Spectra preprocessing for conventional data-mining techniques was conducted using Savitzky-Golay smoothing and the first derivative method. PARACUDA-II\u00ae, on the other hand, operates based on the all possibilities approach (APA) concept, a conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHs) algorithm and parallel programming, to evaluate all of the potential combinations of eight different spectral preprocessing techniques against the original reflectance and chemical data prior to the model development. The comparison of results was made in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEp). Results showed that the PARACUDA-II\u00ae engine performed better than the other selected regular schemes with R2 value of 0.80 and RMSEp of 0.12; the PLSR was less predictive compared to other techniques with R2 = 0.63 and RMSEp = 0.29. This can be attributed to its capability to assess all the available options in an automatic way, which enables the hidden models to rise up and yield the best available model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T08:28:47Z","timestamp":1532507327000},"page":"1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Examining the Performance of PARACUDA-II Data-Mining Engine versus Selected Techniques to Model Soil Carbon from Reflectance Spectra"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4419-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asa","family":"Gholizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Czech Geological Survey, Klarov 3, 11800 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadmehdi","family":"Saberioon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Signal and Image Processing, Institute of Complex Systems, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zamek 136, 37333 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimrod","family":"Carmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratory, Department of Geography and Human Environment, Porter School of Environment and Earth Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Porter School of Environment and Earth Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubos","family":"Boruvka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Ben-Dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratory, Department of Geography and Human Environment, Porter School of Environment and Earth Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00367.x","article-title":"Monitoring and verification of soil carbon changes under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1995.03615995005900020014x","article-title":"Near-Infrared Analysis as a Rapid Method to Simultaneously Evaluate Several Soil Properties","volume":"59","author":"Banin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soil Sci. 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