{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:18:43Z","timestamp":1780395523418,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) provides substantial information on optical features of water bodies that is usually applicable to water quality monitoring. However, it generates considerable uncertainties in assessments of spatial and temporal variation in water quality. Thus, this study explored the influence of different optical methods on the spatial distribution and concentration of phycocyanin (PC), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and total suspended solids (TSSs) and evaluated the dependence of algal distribution on flow velocity. Four ground-based and airborne monitoring campaigns were conducted to measure water surface reflectance. The actual concentrations of PC, Chl-a, and TSSs were also determined, while four bio-optical algorithms were calibrated to estimate the PC and Chl-a concentrations. Artificial neural network atmospheric correction achieved Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.80 and 0.76 for the training and validation steps, respectively. Moderate resolution atmospheric transmission 6 (MODTRAN 6) showed an NSE value &gt;0.8; whereas, atmospheric and topographic correction 4 (ATCOR 4) yielded a negative NSE value. The MODTRAN 6 correction led to the highest R2 values and lowest root mean square error values for all algorithms in terms of PC and Chl-a. The PC:Chl-a distribution generated using HSI proved to be negatively dependent on flow velocity (p-value = 0.003) and successfully indicated cyanobacteria risk regions in the study area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T11:32:07Z","timestamp":1532604727000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["High-Spatial Resolution Monitoring of Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll-a Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jong Cheol","family":"Pyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayzonee","family":"Ligaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Sung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2044-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Hwan","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Ewha-Yeodae-Gil 52, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03760, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyunghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeongsan River Environmental Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju 61011, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Quality Assessment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taegu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Quality Assessment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Been","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOSTROY Inc., Hwa-gok-lo 68-82, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongeun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neumgdong-Ro 120, Gangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Hwa","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7278(199902)14:1<155::AID-TOX20>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Stability of cylindrospermopsin, the toxin from the cyanobacterium, cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: Effect of ph, temperature, and sunlight on decomposition","volume":"14","author":"Chiswell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. 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