{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:18:30Z","timestamp":1783570710097,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51469018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51469018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61461034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61461034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91547110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91547110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0500508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0500508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Special Funds for Public Industry Research Projects of the National Ministry of Water Resources","award":["20150104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20150104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is difficult to accurately identify and extract bodies of water and underwater vegetation from satellite images using conventional vegetation indices, as the strong absorption of water weakens the spectral feature of high near-infrared (NIR) reflected by underwater vegetation in shallow lakes. This study used the shallow Lake Ulansuhai in the semi-arid region of China as a research site, and proposes a new concave\u2013convex decision function to detect submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and identify bodies of water using Gao Fen 1 (GF-1) multi-spectral satellite images with a resolution of 16 meters acquired in July and August 2015. At the same time, emergent vegetation, \u201cHuangtai algae bloom\u201d, and SAV were classified simultaneously by a decision tree method. Through investigation and verification by field samples, classification accuracy in July and August was 92.17% and 91.79%, respectively, demonstrating that GF-1 data with four-day short revisit period and high spatial resolution can meet the standards of accuracy required by aquatic vegetation extraction. The results indicated that the concave\u2013convex decision function is superior to traditional classification methods in distinguishing water and SAV, thus significantly improving SAV classification accuracy. The concave\u2013convex decision function can be applied to waters with SAV coverage greater than 40% above 0.3 m and SAV coverage 40% above 0.1 m under 1.5 m transparency, which can provide new methods for the accurate extraction of SAV in other regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T10:31:16Z","timestamp":1534242676000},"page":"1279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A New Method for Mapping Aquatic Vegetation Especially Underwater Vegetation in Lake Ulansuhai Using GF-1 Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3305-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanling","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology &amp; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jin, X. 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