{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:33:11Z","timestamp":1761197591867,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of sea image enhancement is to enhance the information of the waves, whose contrast is generally weak. Enhancement effect is often affected by impulse-type noise and non-uniform illumination. In this paper, we propose a variational model for sea image enhancement using a solar halo model and a Retinex model. This paper mainly makes the following three contributions: 1. Establishing a Retinex model with noise suppression ability in sea images; 2. Establishing a solar-scattering halo model through sea image bitplane analysis; 3. Proposing a variational enhancement model combining the Retinex and halo models. The experimental results show that our method has a significant enhancement effect on sea surface images in different illumination environments compared with typical methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Variational Model for Sea Image Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8824-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Hongsong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Guixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gonzalez, R.C. 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