{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:26:01Z","timestamp":1773959161866,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX17AK16G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX17AK16G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX17AK06G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX17AK06G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX14AJ02G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX14AJ02G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aquarius was the first NASA satellite to observe the sea surface salinity (SSS) over the global ocean. The mission successfully collected data from 25 August 2011 to 7 June 2015. The Aquarius project released its final version (Version-5) of the SSS data product in December 2017. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the validation results from the Aquarius Validation Data System (AVDS) and other statistical methods, and to provide a general view of the Aquarius SSS quality to the users. The results demonstrate that Aquarius has met the mission target measurement accuracy requirement of 0.2 psu on monthly averages on 150 km scale. From the triple point analysis using Aquarius, in situ field and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) products, the root mean square errors of Aquarius Level-2 and Level-3 data are estimated to be 0.17 psu and 0.13 psu, respectively. It is important that caution should be exercised when using Aquarius salinity data in areas with high radio frequency interference (RFI) and heavy rainfall, close to the coast lines where leakage of land signals may significantly affect the quality of the SSS data, and at high-latitude oceans where the L-band radiometer has poor sensitivity to SSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10091341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T03:00:46Z","timestamp":1534993246000},"page":"1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsun-Ying","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth & Space Research, 2101 Fourth Ave., Suite 1310, Seattle, WA 98121-2350, USA"}]},{"given":"Gary S. E.","family":"Lagerloef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth & Space Research, 2101 Fourth Ave., Suite 1310, Seattle, WA 98121-2350, USA"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Melnichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-1566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Systems, 444 Tenth Street, Suite 200, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2008.68","article-title":"The Aquarius\/SAC-D mission\u2014Designed to Meet the Salinity Remote Sensing Challenge","volume":"21","author":"Lagerloef","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Vine, D.M., Dinnat, E.P., Meissner, T., Wentz, F.J., Kao, H.-Y., Lagerloef, G., and Lee, T. 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Clim."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/9\/1341\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:20:26Z","timestamp":1760196026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/9\/1341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10091341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10091341","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]]}}}