{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:56:23Z","timestamp":1779904583214,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H01478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H01478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A mobile laser-induced fluorescence spectrum (LIFS) lidar was developed for monitoring pollens floating in the atmosphere. The fluorescence spectrum of pollens excited at 355 nm was measured with a fluorescence spectrometer and the results suggested that in general they had peaks at around 460 nm and the ranges were 400\u2013600 nm. A fluorescence spectrum database of 25 different pollens was made with the 355 nm excitation. Based on these results, we developed a LIFS lidar that had features in pollen species identification and daytime operation. The former was achieved by the database and the latter was possible by introducing a synchronous-delay detection to a gated CCD spectrometer in an operation time of 200 ns. Fluorescence detection of pollens floating in the atmosphere was performed using the LIFS lidar in a field where cedars grow in the spring and ragweed in the autumn. The LIFS lidar system successfully detected fluorescence spectrums of the pollens at a distance of approximately 20 m away. We discussed the performance of the LIFS lidar by estimating the number of cedar pollens using a lidar equation, introducing a fluorescence cross section of cedar pollens and a sensitivity of the CCD spectrometer that was measured by ourselves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10101533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T10:38:49Z","timestamp":1537785529000},"page":"1533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Remote Detection of the Fluorescence Spectrum of Natural Pollens Floating in the Atmosphere Using a Laser-Induced-Fluorescence Spectrum (LIFS) Lidar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano City, Nagano 380-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano City, Nagano 380-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenzo","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano City, Nagano 380-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano City, Nagano 380-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumitoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano City, Nagano 380-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Tomida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano City, Nagano 380-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, August 17). 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