{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:36:35Z","timestamp":1772771795580,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000117101\/16\/I\/BG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000117101\/16\/I\/BG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite altimetry provides exceptional means for absolute and undisputable monitoring of changes in sea level and inland waters (rivers and lakes), over regional to global scales, with accuracy and with respect to the center of mass of the Earth. Altimetry system\u2019s responses have to be continuously monitored for their quality, biases, errors, drifts, etc. with calibration. Absolute calibration of altimeters is achieved by external and independent to satellite facilities on the ground. This is the mainstay for a continuous, homogenous, and reliable monitoring of the earth and its oceans. This paper describes the development of the Permanent Facility for Altimetry Calibration in Gavdos\/Crete, Greece, as of 2001 along with its infrastructure and instrumentation. Calibration results are presented for the reference missions of Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3. Then, this work continues with the determination of relative calibrations with respect to reference missions for Sentinel-3A, HY-2A, and SARAL\/AltiKa. Calibration results are also given for Jason-2 and Jason-3 altimeters using the transponder at the CDN1 Cal\/Val site on the mountains of Crete, with simultaneous comparisons against sea-surface calibration and during their tandem mission. Finally, the paper presents procedures for estimating uncertainties for altimeter calibration to meet the Fiducial Reference Measurement standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10101557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T02:54:54Z","timestamp":1538103294000},"page":"1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Fifteen Years of Cal\/Val Service to Reference Altimetry Missions: Calibration of Satellite Altimetry at the Permanent Facilities in Gavdos and Crete, Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stelios P.","family":"Mertikas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100 Chania, Greece"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Donlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency\/European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA\/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"F\u00e9m\u00e9nias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency\/European Space Research Institute (ESA\/ESRIN), Via Galileo Galilei, I-00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Mavrocordatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency\/European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA\/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Demitris","family":"Galanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Geomatica P.C., Xanthoudidou 10A, GR-73132 Chania, Greece"}]},{"given":"Achilles","family":"Tripolitsiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Geomatica P.C., Xanthoudidou 10A, GR-73132 Chania, Greece"}]},{"given":"Xenophon","family":"Frantzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100 Chania, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3797-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias N.","family":"Tziavos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Surveying, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Box 440, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Vergos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Surveying, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Box 440, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Guinle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d\u2019 Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 31401 Toulouse CEDEX, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lewis, J.A., Ladislaw, S.O., and Zheng, D.E. 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