{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T10:10:19Z","timestamp":1768990219365,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chief Scientist Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Israel","award":["20-12-0030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-12-0030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spectral-based vegetation indices (VI) have been shown to be good proxies of grapevine stem water potential (\u03a8stem), assisting in irrigation decision-making for commercial vineyards. However, VI-\u03a8stem correlations are mostly reported at the leaf or canopy scales, using proximal canopy-based sensors or very-high-spatial resolution images derived from sensors mounted on small airplanes or drones. Here, for the first time, we take advantage of high-spatial resolution (3-m) near-daily images acquired from Planet\u2019s nano-satellite constellation to derive VI-\u03a8stem correlations at the vineyard scale. Weekly \u03a8stem was measured along the growing season of 2017 in six vines each in 81 commercial vineyards and in 60 pairs of grapevines in a 2.4 ha experimental vineyard in Israel. The Clip application programming interface (API), provided by Planet, and the Google Earth Engine platform were used to derive spatially continuous time series of four VIs\u2014GNDVI, NDVI, EVI and SAVI\u2014in the 82 vineyards. Results show that per-week multivariable linear models using variables extracted from VI time series successfully tracked spatial variations in \u03a8stem across the experimental vineyard (Pearson\u2019s-r = 0.45\u20130.84; N = 60). A simple linear regression model enabled monitoring seasonal changes in \u03a8stem along the growing season in the vineyard (r = 0.80\u20130.82). Planet VIs and seasonal \u03a8stem data from the 82 vineyards were used to derive a \u2018global\u2019 model for in-season monitoring of \u03a8stem at the vineyard-level (r = 0.78; RMSE = 18.5%; N = 970). The \u2018global\u2019 model, which requires only a few VI variables extracted from Planet images, may be used for real-time weekly assessment of \u03a8stem in Mediterranean vineyards, substantially improving the efficiency of conventional in-field monitoring efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10101615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T02:58:04Z","timestamp":1539313084000},"page":"1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Using Time Series of High-Resolution Planet Satellite Images to Monitor Grapevine Stem Water Potential in Commercial Vineyards"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Helman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Geography and the Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel"}]},{"given":"Idan","family":"Bahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food &amp; Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}]},{"given":"Yishai","family":"Netzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Oenology, Eastern R&amp;D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biotech Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alon","family":"Ben-Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization Gilat Research Center, Mobile post Negev, Gilat 8531100, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Alchanatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel"}]},{"given":"Aviva","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TerraVision Lab, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5095-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yafit","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/201008S2-1343","article-title":"Deficit irrigation in fruit trees and vines in Spain","volume":"8","author":"Domingo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. 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