{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:35:03Z","timestamp":1779932103246,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41605042 and 41501029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41605042 and 41501029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0603701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0603701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20151525 and BK20150922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20151525 and BK20150922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As an essential variable in linking water, carbon, and energy cycles, evapotranspiration (ET) is difficult to measure. Remote sensing, reanalysis, and land surface model-based ET products offer comprehensive alternatives at different spatio-temporal intervals, but their performance varies. In this study, we selected four popular ET global products: The Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model version 3.0a (GLEAM3.0a), the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications-Land (MERRA-Land) project, the Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2.0 with the Noah model (GLDAS2.0-Noah) and the EartH2Observe ensemble (EartH2Observe-En). Then, we comprehensively evaluated the performance of these products over China using a stratification method, six validation criteria, and high-quality eddy covariance (EC) measurements at 12 sites. The aim of this research was to provide important quantitative information to improve and apply the ET models and to inform choices about the appropriate ET product for specific applications. Results showed that, within one stratification, the performance of each ET product based on a certain criterion differed among classifications of this stratification. Furthermore, the optimal ET (OET) among these products was identified by comparing the magnitudes of each criterion. Results suggested that, given a criterion (a stratification classification), the OETs varied among stratification classifications (the selected six criteria). In short, no product consistently performed best, according to the selected validation criterion. Thus, multi-source ET datasets should be employed in future studies to enhance confidence in ET-related conclusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T10:51:01Z","timestamp":1540551061000},"page":"1692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Assessment of Multi-Source Evapotranspiration Products over China Using Eddy Covariance Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2419-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST),  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST),  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7237-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanlei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters\/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education\/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, NUIST,  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2403-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haishan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters\/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education\/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, NUIST,  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9711-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle &amp; Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,  Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters\/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education\/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, NUIST,  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Province Meteorological Science Research Institute, Anhui Meteorological Bureau,  Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters\/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education\/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, NUIST,  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters\/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education\/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, NUIST,  Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L17706","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL034842","article-title":"Combined surface solar brightening and increasing greenhouse effect support recent intensification of the global land-based hydrological cycle","volume":"35","author":"Wild","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. 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