{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T02:41:20Z","timestamp":1772332880732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]],"date-time":"2018-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41631073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41631073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41874038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41674004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41574030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41574030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The international GNSS monitoring and assessment system (iGMAS) tracking network has been established by China to track multi-GNSS satellites. A key feature of iGMAS stations is the capability to fully track new navigation signals from the recently deployed BDS-3 satellites. In addition to the B1I and B3I signals inherited from BDS-2 satellites, the BDS-3 satellites are capable of transmitting new open service signals, including B1C at 1575.42 MHz, B2a at 1176.45 MHz, and B2b at 1207.14 MHz. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive analysis and characterization of GNSS signals tracked by different receivers and antennas equipped in the iGMAS network, especially as they relate to BDS-3 signals. Signal characteristics are analyzed in terms of the carrier-to-noise density ratio for the different signals as measured by the receiver, as well as pseudo-range noise and multipath. Special attention is given to discussion of the satellite-induced code bias, which has been identified to exist in the code observations of BDS-2, and the inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB), which has been observed in the triple-frequency carrier phase combinations of GPS Block IIF and BDS-2 satellites. The results indicate that the satellite-induced code bias is negligible for all signals of BDS-3 satellites, while small IFCB variations with peak amplitudes of about 1 cm can be recognized in BDS-3 triple-carrier combinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1541414625000},"page":"1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characterization of GNSS Signals Tracked by the iGMAS Network Considering Recent BDS-3 Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongxin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5760-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4437-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Qile","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Jingnan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463311000385","article-title":"Monitoring and Assessment of GNSS Open Services","volume":"64","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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