{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:07:48Z","timestamp":1760242068277,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid increases in air temperature in Arctic and subarctic regions are driving significant changes to surface waters. These changes and their impacts are not well understood in sensitive high-Arctic ecosystems. This study explores changes in surface water in the high Arctic pond complexes of western Banks Island, Northwest Territories. Landsat imagery (1985\u20132015) was used to detect sub-pixel trends in surface water. Comparison of higher resolution aerial photographs (1958) and satellite imagery (2014) quantified changes in the size and distribution of waterbodies. Field sampling investigated factors contributing to the observed changes. The impact of expanding lesser snow goose populations and other biotic or abiotic factors on observed changes in surface water were also investigated using an information theoretic model selection approach. Our analyses show that the pond complexes of western Banks Island lost 7.9% of the surface water that existed in 1985. Drying disproportionately impacted smaller sized waterbodies, indicating that climate is the main driver. Model selection showed that intensive occupation by lesser snow geese was associated with more extensive drying and draining of waterbodies and suggests this intensive habitat use may reduce the resilience of pond complexes to climate warming. Changes in surface water are likely altering permafrost, vegetation, and the utility of these areas for animals and local land-users, and should be investigated further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T12:17:35Z","timestamp":1543321055000},"page":"1892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impacts of Climate Change and Intensive Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) Activity on Surface Water in High Arctic Pond Complexes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. Kiyo F.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Trevor C.","family":"Lantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert H.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme) (2012). Arctic Climate Issues 2011: Changes in Arctic Snow, WATER, ice and Permafrost, AMAP. SWIPA 2011 Overview Report."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2071","article-title":"Arctic amplification dominated by temperature feedbacks in contemporary climate models","volume":"7","author":"Pithan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JG002744","article-title":"Changes in lake area in response to thermokarst processes and climate in Old Crow Flats, Yukon","volume":"120","author":"Lantz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-006-9113-7","article-title":"Arctic climate change with a 2 \u00b0C global warming: Timing, climate patterns and vegetation change","volume":"79","author":"Kaplan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3240","article-title":"Towards a rain-dominated Arctic","volume":"7","author":"Bintanja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp.451","article-title":"Shrinking thermokarst ponds and groundwater dynamics in discontinuous permafrost near Council Alaska","volume":"14","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Permafr. Periglac. Process."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitze, I., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., Arp, C.D., Ulrich, M., Fedorov, A., and Veremeeva, A. (2017). Landsat-based trend analysis of lake dynamics across northern permafrost regions. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9070640"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL049766","article-title":"Divergent hydrological responses to 20th century climate change in shallow tundra ponds, western Hudson Bay Lowlands","volume":"38","author":"Wolfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negandhi, K., Laurion, I., Whiticar, M.J., Galand, P.E., Xu, X., and Lovejoy, C. (2013). Small thaw ponds: An unaccounted source of methane in the Canadian high Arctic. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078204"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12491","article-title":"Ground ice melt in the high Arctic leads to greater ecological heterogeneity","volume":"104","author":"Becker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.2193\/2005-502","article-title":"Distribution and habitat use of Ross\u2019 and lesser snow geese during late brood rearing","volume":"71","author":"Slattery","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2795","article-title":"Methane emissions proportional to permafrost carbon thawed in Arctic lakes since the 1950s","volume":"9","author":"Anthony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"G04S54","article-title":"The arctic freshwater system: Changes and impacts","volume":"112","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12760","article-title":"Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters","volume":"503","author":"Raymond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12395","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702777104","article-title":"Crossing the final ecological threshold in high Arctic ponds","volume":"104","author":"Smol","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L03502","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL032303","article-title":"Tundra lake changes from 1978 to 2001 on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, western Canadian Arctic","volume":"35","author":"Plug","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108142","article-title":"Disappearing Arctic lakes","volume":"308","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"G00M03","article-title":"Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","volume":"116","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.07.001","article-title":"Landsat-based mapping of thermokarst lake dynamics on the Tuktoyaktuk coastal plain: Northwest Territories, Canada since 1985","volume":"168","author":"Olthof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.8019","article-title":"Hydrogeomorphic processes of thermokarst lakes with grounded-ice and floating-ice regimes on the Arctic coastal plain, Alaska","volume":"25","author":"Arp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2307\/1551500","article-title":"Evaporation from Mackenzie Delta lakes, N.W.T., Canada","volume":"20","author":"Marsh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arct. Alp. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12465","article-title":"Controls on water balance of shallow thermokarst lakes and their relations with catchment characteristics: A multi-year, landscape-scale assessment based on water isotope tracers and remote sensing in Old Crow Flats, Yukon (Canada)","volume":"20","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Boil."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12196","article-title":"Landscape influences on climate-related lake shrinkage at high latitudes","volume":"19","author":"Roach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Boil."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL049427","article-title":"Shrinking lakes of the Arctic: Spatial relationships and trajectory of change","volume":"38","author":"Carroll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"G04002","article-title":"Shrinking ponds in subarctic Alaska based on 1950\u20132002 remotely sensed images","volume":"111","author":"Riordan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2005.07.025","article-title":"High Arctic wetlands: Their occurrence, hydrological characteristics and sustainability","volume":"320","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic648","article-title":"Sustainability of high Arctic ponds in a polar desert environment","volume":"63","author":"Abnizova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2747\/0272-3646.27.4.297","article-title":"High Arctic patchy wetlands: Hydrological variability and their sustainability","volume":"27","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp.1880","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variation in high-centre polygons and ice-wedge melt ponds, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Northwest Territories","volume":"28","author":"Steedman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Permafr. Periglac. Process."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraser, R.H., Kokelj, S.V., Lantz, T.C., McFarlane-Winchester, M., Olthof, I., and Lacelle, D. (2018). Climate sensitivity of high Arctic permafrost terrain demonstrated by widespread ice-wedge thermokarst on Banks Island. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060954"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Hines, J.E., Latour, P.B., Squires-Taylor, C., and Moore, S. (2010). The Effects on Lowland Habitat in the Banks Island Bird Sanctuary Number 1, Northwest Territories, by the Growing Colony of Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Batt, B.D.J. (1997). Arctic Ecosystems in Peril: Report of the Arctic Goose Habitat Working Group."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/11956860.1997.11682393","article-title":"Long-term destruction of sub-arctic wetland vegetation by lesser snow geese","volume":"4","author":"Kotanen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecoscience"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2307\/2261697","article-title":"A positive feedback: Herbivory, plant growth, salinity, and the desertification of an Arctic salt-marsh","volume":"84","author":"Srivastava","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Calvert, A.M. (2015). Interactions between Light Geese and Northern Flora and Fauna: Synthesis and Assessment of Potential Impacts, Unpublished Report."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1139\/b79-178","article-title":"Vegetational development and the effect of geese on vegetation at La Perouse Bay, Manitoba","volume":"57","author":"Jefferies","year":"1979","journal-title":"Can. J. B"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/2260784","article-title":"Inverse salinity gradients in coastal marshes and the death of stands of Salix: The effects of grubbing by geese","volume":"79","author":"Iacobelli","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-016-1978-y","article-title":"A race against time: Habitat alteration by snow geese prunes the seasonal sequence of mosquito emergence in a subarctic brackish landscape","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-12-1157-2018","article-title":"Canadian snow and sea ice: Historical trends and projections","volume":"12","author":"Mudryk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yqres.2013.02.001","article-title":"Late Wisconsinan glaciation and postglacial relative sea-level change on western Banks Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago","volume":"80","author":"Lakeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quat. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Ecosystem Classification Group (2013). Ecological Regions of the Northwest Territories\u2014Northern Arctic."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.01.007","article-title":"Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","volume":"113","author":"Chander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.1984.350619","article-title":"A physically-based transformation of thematic mapper data\u2014The TM tasseled cap","volume":"GE-22","author":"Crist","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160110106113","article-title":"Derivation of a tasseled cap transformation based on Landsat 7 at-satellite reflectance","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"41","article-title":"The tasseled cap\u2014A graphic description of the spectral-temporal development of agricultural crops as seen by Landsat","volume":"159","author":"Kauth","year":"1976","journal-title":"LARS Symp."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v007.i02","article-title":"Strucchange: An R package for testing for structural change in linear regression models","volume":"7","author":"Zeileis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"R Core Team (2018, March 18). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2016. Available online: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.659","article-title":"Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models","volume":"18","author":"Bai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Econ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11533","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61111533","article-title":"Detecting landscape changes in high latitude environments using Landsat trend analysis: 1. Visualization","volume":"6","author":"Fraser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Kendall, M.G., and Stuart, A.S. (1967). Advanced Theory of Statistics, Charles Griffin and Company."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2015.1008621","article-title":"Automated stereo-photogrammetric DEM generation at high latitudes: Surface extraction with TIN-based search-space minimization (SETSM) validation and demonstration over glaciated regions","volume":"52","author":"Noh","year":"2015","journal-title":"GISci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x","article-title":"Local indicators of spatial association\u2014LISA","volume":"27","author":"Anselin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geogr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0016-7363.2005.00671.x","article-title":"GeoDa: An introduction to spatial data analysis","volume":"38","author":"Anselin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geogr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. (2002). Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, Springer. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x","article-title":"A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems","volume":"1","author":"Zuur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1890\/02-3114","article-title":"Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression","volume":"84","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Littell, R.C., Milliken, G.A., Stroup, W.W., Wolfinger, R.D., and Schabenberger, O. (2006). SAS for Mixed Models, SAS Institute Inc.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Samelius, G., Alisauskas, R.T., and Hines, J.E. (2008). Productivity of Lesser Snow Geese on Banks Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, in 1995\u20131998."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.2307\/1934152","article-title":"Vegetation, microtopography, and depth of active layer on different exposures in subarctic alpine tundra","volume":"52","author":"Price","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13248","article-title":"The influence of vegetation and soil characteristics on active-layer thickness of permafrost soils in boreal forest","volume":"22","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Boil."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-007-0785-0","article-title":"Arctic mosses govern below-ground environment and ecosystem processes","volume":"153","author":"Gornall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp.565","article-title":"Hydrological connectivity and seasonal storage change of tundra ponds in a polar oasis environment, Canadian high Arctic","volume":"17","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Permafr. Periglac. Process."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp.1779","article-title":"Advances in thermokarst research","volume":"24","author":"Kokelj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Permafr. Periglac. Process."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, K., Matsuo, K., Yamakazi, D., Ichii, K., Iijima, Y., Papa, F., Yanagi, Y., and Hiyama, T. (2018). Hydrological variability and changes in the Arctic circumpolar tundra and the three largest pan-Arctic river basins from 2002 to 2016. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10030402"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"283","article-title":"Assessment of three mapping techniques to delineate lakes and ponds in a Canadian high Arctic wetland complex","volume":"59","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2674","article-title":"Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology","volume":"9","author":"Liljedahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1017\/S0032247400017058","article-title":"Contributions of traditional knowledge to understanding climate change in the Canadian Arctic","volume":"37","author":"Riedlinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Polar Rec."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Ashford, G., and Catleden, J. (2001). Inuit Observations on Climate Change: Final Report, International Institute for Sustainable Development."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic1087","article-title":"Collection and analysis of traditional ecological knowledge about a population of Arctic tundra caribou","volume":"50","author":"Ferguson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20584","article-title":"High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes","volume":"540","author":"Pekel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"French, H.M. (2007). The Periglacial Environment, John Wiley & Sons. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118684931"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachenbruch, A.H. (1962). Mechanics of Thermal Contraction Cracks and Ice-Wedge Polygons in Permafrost, Geological Society of America. Geological Society of America Special Papers.","DOI":"10.1130\/SPE70-p1"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"130","article-title":"Ice wedge degradation and CO2 and CH4 emissions in the Tuktoyaktuk coastlands, Northwest Territories","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arct. Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/12\/1892\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:32:36Z","timestamp":1760196756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/12\/1892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10121892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10121892","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}}}