{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:16:02Z","timestamp":1766733362463,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51474217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51474217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB0503004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0503004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aerial images are widely used for building detection. However, the performance of building detection methods based on aerial images alone is typically poorer than that of building detection methods using both LiDAR and image data. To overcome these limitations, we present a framework for detecting and regularizing the boundary of individual buildings using a feature-level-fusion strategy based on features from dense image matching (DIM) point clouds, orthophoto and original aerial images. The proposed framework is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the features from the original aerial image and DIM points are fused to detect buildings and obtain the so-called blob of an individual building. Then, a feature-level fusion strategy is applied to match the straight-line segments from original aerial images so that the matched straight-line segment can be used in the later stage. Finally, a new footprint generation algorithm is proposed to generate the building footprint by combining the matched straight-line segments and the boundary of the blob of the individual building. The performance of our framework is evaluated on a vertical aerial image dataset (Vaihingen) and two oblique aerial image datasets (Potsdam and Lunen). The experimental results reveal 89% to 96% per-area completeness with accuracy above almost 93%. Relative to six existing methods, our proposed method not only is more robust but also can obtain a similar performance to the methods based on LiDAR and images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T11:56:18Z","timestamp":1543924578000},"page":"1947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Extraction of Buildings from Multiple-View Aerial Images Using a Feature-Level-Fusion Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4717-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youqiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Xueyuan Road DING No. 11, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Lianhuachixi Road No. 28, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Lianhuachixi Road No. 28, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2736-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Xueyuan Road DING No. 11, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Lianhuachixi Road No. 28, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Lianhuachixi Road No. 28, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Building Analysis for Urban Energy Planning Using Key Indicators on Virtual 3d City Models\u2014The Energy Atlas of Berlin","volume":"XXXIX-B2","author":"Kolbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Building the Safe City Planning Concept: An Analysis of Preceding Studies","volume":"75","author":"Arinah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Teknol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"309","article-title":"Oblique Aerial Photography Tool for Building Inspection and Damage Assessment","volume":"XL-1","author":"Murtiyoso","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2015.03.016","article-title":"Identification of damage in buildings based on gaps in 3D point clouds from very high resolution oblique airborne images","volume":"105","author":"Vetrivel","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimzadeh, S., and Mastuoka, M. (2017). Building Damage Assessment Using Multisensor Dual-Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for the 2016 M 6.2 Amatrice Earthquake, Italy. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040330"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00204-8","article-title":"Monitoring urban land cover change: An expert system approach to land cover classification of semiarid to arid urban centers","volume":"77","author":"Stefanov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.02.004","article-title":"Object-based land cover classification using airborne LiDAR","volume":"112","author":"Antonarakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.10.004","article-title":"Results of the ISPRS benchmark on urban object detection and 3D building reconstruction","volume":"93","author":"Rottensteiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.64","article-title":"A Framework for Automatic Modeling from Point Cloud Data","volume":"35","author":"Poullis","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2251457","article-title":"Aerial 3D Building Detection and Modeling from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.12.002","article-title":"Ground and building extraction from LiDAR data based on differential morphological profiles and locally fitted surfaces","volume":"93","author":"Mongus","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"291","article-title":"Legion Segmentation for Building Extraction from LIDAR Based Dsm Data","volume":"XXXIX-B3","author":"Liua","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/19479832.2015.1071287","article-title":"True 3D building reconstruction: Fa\u00e7ade, roof and overhang modelling from oblique and vertical aerial imagery","volume":"6","author":"Dahlke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Image Data Fusion"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsannals-II-3-W3-61-2013","article-title":"Building Footprints Extraction from Oblique Imagery","volume":"II-3\/W3","author":"Nex","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5041681","article-title":"Building Reconstruction Using DSM and Orthorectified Images","volume":"5","author":"Arefi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsannals-I-3-215-2012","article-title":"Urban object extraction from digital surface model and digital aerial images","volume":"I-3","author":"Grigillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.10.011","article-title":"Fusion of airborne laser scanning point clouds and images for supervised and unsupervised scene classification","volume":"87","author":"Gerke","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsannals-I-3-203-2012","article-title":"Automatic Reconstruction of Building Roofs through Effective Integration of Lidar and Multispectral Imagery","volume":"I-3","author":"Awrangjeb","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2004.06.004","article-title":"Using the Dempster-Shafer method for the fusion of LiDAR data and multi-spectral images for building detection","volume":"6","author":"Rottensteiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.659355","article-title":"Building detection in an urban area using LiDAR data and QuickBird imagery","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/phor.12063","article-title":"State of the art in high density image matching","volume":"29","author":"Remondino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photogramm. Rec."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.12.017","article-title":"Per-pixel vs. object-based classification of urban land cover extraction using high spatial resolution imagery","volume":"115","author":"Myint","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2009.06.004","article-title":"Object based image analysis for remote sensing","volume":"65","author":"Blaschke","year":"2010","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4082256","article-title":"Object-Based Classification of Urban Areas Using VHR Imagery and Height Points Ancillary Data","volume":"4","author":"Salehi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161003745657","article-title":"Object-Based Urban Detailed Land Cover Classification with High Spatial Resolution IKONOS Imagery","volume":"32","author":"Pu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(03)00139-X","article-title":"A multi-scale segmentation\/object relationship modeling methodology for landscape analysis","volume":"168","author":"Burnett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2007.03.001","article-title":"Building detection by fusion of airborne laserscanner data and multi-spectral images: Performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis","volume":"62","author":"Rottensteiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"ISPRS (2018, May 20). ISPRS Test Project on Urban Classification, 3D Building Reconstruction and Semantic Labeling. Available online: http:\/\/www2.isprs.org\/commissions\/comm3\/wg4\/tests.html."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3081553","article-title":"Extracting Buildings from True Color Stereo Aerial Images Using a Decision Making Strategy","volume":"3","author":"Tarantino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2011.12.006","article-title":"Building extraction from oblique airborne imagery based on robust fa\u00e7ade detection","volume":"68","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2337658","article-title":"Analysis of Oblique Aerial Images for Land Cover and Point Cloud Classification in an Urban Environment","volume":"53","author":"Rau","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"69","article-title":"An implicit geometric regularization of 3D building shape using airborne LiDAR data","volume":"XXXVII","author":"Jwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunn, A., and Weidner, U. (1995, January 13\u201315). Model-Based 2D-Shape Recovery. Proceedings of the DAGM-Symposium, Bielefeld, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79980-8_31"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"24","article-title":"Feature based model verification (FBMV): A new concept for hypothesis validation in building reconstruction","volume":"33","author":"Ameri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.73.7.805","article-title":"Building Boundary Tracing and Regularization from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds","volume":"73","author":"Sampath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"121","article-title":"Reconstruction of Building Outlines in Dense Urban Areas Based on LIDAR Data and Address Points","volume":"39","author":"Jarzabekrychard","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2003.1242381","article-title":"Automatic generation of high-quality building models from LiDAR data","volume":"23","author":"Rottensteiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Appl. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2007.01.001","article-title":"Data fusion of high-resolution satellite imagery and LiDAR data for automatic building extraction","volume":"62","author":"Sohn","year":"2007","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilani, S., Awrangjeb, M., and Lu, G. (2016). An Automatic Building Extraction and Regularization Technique Using LiDAR Point Cloud Data and Ortho-image. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8030258"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm233","article-title":"CLUMPP: A cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality in analysis of population structure","volume":"23","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.76.5.609","article-title":"Generation of Complex Polyhedral Building Models by Integrating Stereo-Aerial Imagery and LiDAR Data","volume":"76","author":"Habib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Agisoft (2018, May 25). Agisoft PhotoScan. Available online: http:\/\/www.agisoft.ru\/products\/photoscan\/professional\/."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2004.05.004","article-title":"Experimental comparison of filter algorithms for bare-Earth extraction from airborne laser scanning point clouds","volume":"59","author":"Sithole","year":"2004","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Qi, J., Wan, P., Wang, H., Xie, D., Wang, X., and Yan, G. (2016). An Easy-to-Use Airborne LiDAR Data Filtering Method Based on Cloth Simulation. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8060501"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"110","article-title":"DEM generation from laser scanner data using adaptive TIN models","volume":"33","author":"Axelsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Cui, X., Zhang, L., and Ai, H. (2018). An Improved Progressive TIN Densification Filtering Method Considering the Density and Standard Variance of Point Clouds. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7100409"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"47","article-title":"An efficient image segmentation algorithm for landscape analysis","volume":"6","author":"Devereux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geo-Inf."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169408954345","article-title":"NDVI-derived land cover classifications at a global scale","volume":"15","author":"Defries","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2010.06.001","article-title":"Automatic detection of residential buildings using LIDAR data and multispectral imagery","volume":"65","author":"Awrangjeb","year":"2010","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"48","article-title":"Seasonal change in statistics for the floristic composition of Miscanthus- and Zoysia-dominated grasslands","volume":"55","author":"Tomimatsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Grassl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2008.03.009","article-title":"Verification of color vegetation indices for automated crop imaging applications","volume":"63","author":"Meyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160412331269698","article-title":"Random forest classifier for remote sensing classification","volume":"26","author":"Pal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.73.1.25","article-title":"New Methodologies for True Orthophoto Generation","volume":"73","author":"Habib","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-008-0109-y","article-title":"Optimizing two-pass connected-component labeling algorithms","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Appl."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"95","article-title":"A Method for Segmentation of Range Image Captured by Vehicle-borne Laser scanning Based on the Density of Projected Points","volume":"34","author":"Zhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Geod. Cartogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Iwanowski, M., and Soille, P. (2007, January 11\u201314). Fast Algorithm for Order Independent Binary Homotopic Thinning. Proceedings of the International Conference on Adaptive and Natural Computing Algorithms, Warsaw, Poland."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Wang, Z., and Li, L. (2009, January 17\u201319). An Improved HT Algorithm on Straight Line Detection Based on Freeman Chain Code. Proceedings of the 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Tianjin, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2009.5304629"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X., Yao, J., Li, K., and Li, L. (2015, January 27\u201330). CannyLines: A parameter-free line segment detector. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Quebec City, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7350850"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"77","article-title":"A fast algorithm of neighbourhood coding and operations in neighbourhood coding image","volume":"36","author":"Cen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mem. Fac. Eng. Osaka City Univ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.1990.tb00398.x","article-title":"The Douglas-Peucker Algorithm for Line Simplification: Re-evaluation through Visualization","volume":"9","author":"Visvalingam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1109\/42.7784","article-title":"On the comparison of interpolation methods","volume":"7","author":"Maeland","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2009.2012488","article-title":"A comparison of evaluation techniques for building extraction from airborne laser scanning","volume":"2","author":"Rutzinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/12\/1947\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:31:01Z","timestamp":1760196661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/10\/12\/1947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs10121947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10121947","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]}}}