{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:26:20Z","timestamp":1762507580457,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006636","name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) - Petya Campbell"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) - Petya Campbell"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land cover is one of the key terrestrial variables used for monitoring and as input for modelling in support of achieving the United Nations Strategical Development Goals. Global and Continental Land Cover Products (GCLCs) aim to provide the required harmonized information background across areas; thus, they are not being limited by national or other administrative nomenclature boundaries and their production approaches. Moreover, their increased spatial resolution, and consequently their local relevance, is of high importance for users at a local scale. During the last decade, several GCLCs were developed, including the Global Historical Land-Cover Change Land-Use Conversions (GLC), the Globeland-30 (GLOB), Corine-2012 (CLC) and GMES\/ Copernicus Initial Operation High Resolution Layers (GIOS). Accuracy assessment is of high importance for product credibility towards incorporation into decision chains and implementation procedures, especially at local scales. The present study builds on the collaboration of scientists participating in the Global Observations of Forest Cover\u2014Global Observations of Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC-GOLD), South Central and Eastern European Regional Information Network (SCERIN). The main objective is to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of commonly used GCLCs at selected representative study areas in the SCERIN geographic area, which is characterized by extreme diversity of landscapes and environmental conditions, heavily affected by anthropogenic impacts with similar major socio-economic drivers. The employed validation strategy for evaluating and comparing the different products is detailed, representative results for the selected areas from nine SCERIN countries are presented, the specific regional differences are identified and their underlying causes are discussed. In general, the four GCLCs products achieved relatively high overall accuracy rates: 74\u201398% for GLC (mean: 93.8%), 79\u201392% for GLOB (mean: 90.6%), 74\u201391% for CLC (mean: 89%) and 72\u201398% for GIOS (mean: 91.6%), for all selected areas. In most cases, the CLC product has the lower scores, while the GLC has the highest, closely followed by GIOS and GLOB. The study revealed overall high credibility and validity of the GCLCs products at local scale, a result, which shows expected benefit even for local\/regional applications. Identified class dependent specificities in different landscape types can guide the local users for their reasonable usage in local studies. Valuable information is generated for advancing the goals of the international GOFC-GOLD program and aligns well with the agenda of the NASA Land-Cover\/Land-Use Change Program to improve the quality and consistency of space-derived higher-level products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T03:46:14Z","timestamp":1544154374000},"page":"1967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparison of Global and Continental Land Cover Products for Selected Study Areas in South Central and Eastern European Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6833-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Manakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3641-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Sciences Centre of Excellence (GSCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, 02-679 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gkinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Brovkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-0148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lachezar","family":"Filchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and GIS Department, Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Use and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Merkez\/\u00c7anakkale, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forest Management & Remote Sensing, School of Forestry & Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Halabuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Melis","family":"Inalpulat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Use and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Merkez\/\u00c7anakkale, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0507-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anisoara","family":"Irimescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory, National Meteorological Administration, Bucharest, 013686, Romania"}]},{"given":"Georgi","family":"Jelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and GIS Department, Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Karantzalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Katagis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forest Management & Remote Sensing, School of Forestry & Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Kupkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2183-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mykola","family":"Lavreniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Research Institute NASU-SSAU, 03680 Kiev, Ukraine"},{"name":"National Technical University of Ukraine \u201cIgor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute\u201d, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Minu\u010der","family":"Mesaro\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Mihailescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory, National Meteorological Administration, Bucharest, 013686, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6072-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Nita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transilvania University of Brasov, Bra\u0219ov 500036, Romania"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Rusnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra-Chrenov\u00e1, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Premysl","family":"Stych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech 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