{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T08:04:52Z","timestamp":1774425892626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-68007-23130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-68007-23130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Expanding urbanization in highly fragile desert environments requires a thorough understanding of the current state and trends of land uses to achieve an optimal balance between development and the integrity of vital ecosystems. The objectives of this study are to quantify land use change over the 25-year period 1990\u20132015 and analyze temporal and spatial urbanization trends in the Middle Rio Grande Basin. We conclude by indicating how the results can inform on-going water resource research and public policy discussion in an arid region. Results show that the predominant upland mixed vegetation land cover category has been steadily declining, giving up land to urban and agricultural development. Urban development across the region of interest increased from just under three percent in 1990 to more than 11 percent in 2015, mainly around the major urban areas of El Paso, Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, and Las Cruces. Public policy aspects related to results from this study include transfer of water rights from agriculture to land developers in cities, higher risk of flooding, loss of natural ecosystems, and increased water pollution from point and non-point sources. Various stakeholders can find the study useful for a better understanding of historical spatial and temporal aspects of urban development and environmental change in arid regions. Such insights can help municipal authorities, farmers, and other stakeholders to strike a balance between development needs and protecting vital ecosystems that support the much needed development, especially in regions that are endowed with transboundary natural resources that often are incompletely represented in single nation data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10122005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T03:27:49Z","timestamp":1544585269000},"page":"2005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Monitoring of Land Use\/Land-Cover Changes in the Arid Transboundary Middle Rio Grande Basin Using Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6308-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Mubako","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Resource Management, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W, University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8899-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Belhaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Resource Management, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W, University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]},{"given":"Josiah","family":"Heyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inter-American and Border Studies, The University of Texas at El Paso, 1514 Hawthorne St., El Paso, TX 79902, USA"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hargrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Resource Management, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W, University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6252-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Wilson, T.S., Sleeter, R.R., Soulard, C.E., Bouchard, M.A., Sayler, K.L., Reker, R.R., and Griffith, G.E. (2012). Projected Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in the Western United States, Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Western United States."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Different Supervised Classification Techniques for Spatial Land Use\/Land Cover Pattern Mapping Using RS and GIS","volume":"4","author":"Vibhute","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Eng. 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