{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:38:00Z","timestamp":1774543080044,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\/01\/D\/ST10\/06494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\/01\/D\/ST10\/06494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the operational framework for rapid, very-high resolution mapping of glacial geomorphology, with the use of budget Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and a structure-from-motion approach. The proposed workflow comprises seven stages: (1) Preparation and selection of the appropriate platform; (2) transport; (3) preliminary on-site activities (including optional ground-control-point collection); (4) pre-flight setup and checks; (5) conducting the mission; (6) data processing; and (7) mapping and change detection. The application of the proposed framework has been illustrated by a mapping case study on the glacial foreland of H\u00f8rbyebreen, Svalbard, Norway. A consumer-grade quadcopter (DJI Phantom) was used to collect the data, while images were processed using the structure-from-motion approach. The resultant orthomosaic (1.9 cm ground sampling distance\u2014GSD) and digital elevation model (7.9 cm GSD) were used to map the glacial-related landforms in detail. It demonstrated the applicability of the proposed framework to map and potentially monitor detailed changes in a rapidly evolving proglacial environment, using a low-cost approach. Its coverage of multiple aspects ensures that the proposed framework is universal and can be applied in a broader range of settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11010065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T03:36:30Z","timestamp":1546486590000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Operational Framework for Rapid, Very-high Resolution Mapping of Glacial Geomorphology Using Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Structure-from-Motion Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-2327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek W.","family":"Ewertowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra M.","family":"Tomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"given":"David J. A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Ewertowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Benn, D.I., and Evans, D.J.A. (2010). 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