{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:30:45Z","timestamp":1760239845226,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>GaoFen-3, the first polarimetric SAR satellite of China, carried out polarimetric calibration experiments using C-band polarimetric active radar calibrators (PARCs), trihedral corner reflectors (TCRs), and dihedral corner reflectors (DCRs). The calibration data were firstly processed referring to the classic 2 \u00d7 2 receive R and transmit T model for radar polarimeter systems, first proposed by Zebker, Zyl, and Held, and Freeman\u2019s method based on PARCs, but the results were not good enough. After detailed analysis about the GaoFen-3 polarimetric system, we found that the system had some nonlinearity, then a new imbalance parameter was introduced to the classic model, which is equivalent to the    \u03b3    proposed in Freeman\u2019s paper about a general polarimetric system model. Then, we proposed the calibration data processing algorithm for GaoFen-3 based on the improved model and obtained better results. The algorithm proposed here is verified to be suitable for GaoFen-3 and can be applied to other spaceborne and airborne fully-polarimetric SAR systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T11:30:27Z","timestamp":1547724627000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Polarimetric Calibration of the GaoFen-3 Mission Using Active Radar Calibrators and the Applicable Conditions of System Model for Radar Polarimeters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6958-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zengzeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Microwave Imaging, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5285-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2058-2373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoguo","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1109\/36.35960","article-title":"Phase calibration of polarimetric radar images","volume":"27","author":"Sheen","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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