{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:32:09Z","timestamp":1760239929170,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002749","name":"Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/00\/335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/00\/335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEOM-DTEX-EOPS-SW-14-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEOM-DTEX-EOPS-SW-14-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A common approach to the pixel-by-pixel atmospheric correction of satellite water colour imagery is to calculate aerosol and water reflectance at two spectral bands, typically in the near infra-red (NIR, 700\u20131000 nm) or the short-wave-infra-red (SWIR, 1000\u20133000 nm), and then extrapolate aerosol reflectance to shorter wavelengths. For clear waters, this can be achieved simply for NIR bands, where the water reflectance can be assumed negligible i.e., the \u201cblack water\u201d assumption. For moderately turbid waters, either the NIR water reflectance, which is non-negligible, must be modelled or longer wavelength SWIR bands, with negligible water reflectance, must be used. For extremely turbid waters, modelling of non-zero NIR water reflectance becomes uncertain because the spectral slopes of water and aerosol reflectance in the NIR become similar, making it difficult to distinguish between them. In such waters the use of SWIR bands is definitely preferred and the use of the MODIS bands at 1240 nm and 2130 nm is clearly established although, on many sensors such as the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI), such SWIR bands are not included. Instead, a new, cheaper SWIR band at 1016 nm is available on OLCI with potential for much better atmospheric correction over extremely turbid waters. That potential is tested here. In this work, we demonstrate that for spectrally-close band triplets (such as OLCI bands at 779\u2013865\u20131016 nm), the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance of the triplet\u2019s \u201cmiddle\u201d band after baseline subtraction (or baseline residual, BLR) is essentially independent of the atmospheric conditions. We use the three BLRs defined by three consecutive band triplets of the group of bands 620\u2013709\u2013779\u2013865\u20131016 nm to calculate water reflectance and hence aerosol reflectance at these wavelengths. Comparison with standard atmospheric correction algorithms shows similar performance in moderately turbid and clear waters and a considerable improvement in extremely turbid waters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T03:52:32Z","timestamp":1548301952000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Atmospheric Correction of OLCI Imagery over Extremely Turbid Waters Based on the Red, NIR and 1016 nm Bands and a New Baseline Residual Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Ignacio","family":"Gossn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astronom\u00eda y F\u00edsica del Espacio (IAFE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabell\u00f3n IAFE, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428ZAA), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428ZAA), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Kevin George","family":"Ruddick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and Ecosystem Modelling Team, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8834-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana In\u00e9s","family":"Dogliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astronom\u00eda y F\u00edsica del Espacio (IAFE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabell\u00f3n IAFE, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428ZAA), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428ZAA), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.33.000443","article-title":"Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: A preliminary algorithm","volume":"33","author":"Gordon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. 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