{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T02:14:09Z","timestamp":1769048049905,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian National Program for Antarctic Research","award":["2004\/8.3 and 2009\/A2.04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2004\/8.3 and 2009\/A2.04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, carbonate system properties were measured in the western Ross Sea (Antarctica) over the 2005\u20132006 and 2011\u20132012 austral summers with the aim of analysing their sensitivity to physical and biogeochemical drivers. Daily Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sea ice concentration maps, obtained prior to and during the samplings, were used to analyse the sea ice evolution throughout the experiment periods. Monthly means and 8-day composite chlorophyll concentration maps from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua satellite at 4-km resolution were used to investigate inter-annual and basin scale biological variability. Chlorophyll-a concentrations in surface waters estimated by MODIS satellite data contribute to descriptions of the variability of carbonate system properties in surface waters. Mean values of carbonate system properties were comparable across both investigated years; however, the 2012 data displayed larger variability. Sea ice melting also had a pivotal role in controlling the carbonate system chemistry of the mixed layer both directly through dilution processes and indirectly by favouring the development of phytoplankton blooms. This resulted in high pH and \u03a9Ar, and in low CT, particularly in those areas where high chlorophyll concentration was shown by satellite maps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T11:12:48Z","timestamp":1548328368000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Analysis of Physical and Biogeochemical Control Mechanisms on Summertime Surface Carbonate System Variability in the Western Ross Sea (Antarctica) Using In Situ and Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5412-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Rivaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"CoNISMa Consortium, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Ianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Raimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University Steele Ocean Sciences Building (SOSB), 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Manno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Antarctic Survey Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Sandrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, ISAC, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Castagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0099-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Cotroneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CoNISMa Consortium, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5130-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CoNISMa Consortium, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097403","article-title":"The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2","volume":"305","author":"Sabine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2017.01.007","article-title":"Ocean acidification and calcium carbonate saturation states in the coastal zone of the West Antarctic Peninsula","volume":"139","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. 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