{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:28Z","timestamp":1772253028764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNH12ZDA001N-ESUSPI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNH12ZDA001N-ESUSPI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Short-term (sub-diurnal) biological and biogeochemical processes cannot be fully captured by the current suite of polar-orbiting satellite ocean color sensors, as their temporal resolution is limited to potentially one clear image per day. Geostationary sensors, such as the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) from the Republic of Korea, allow the study of these short-term processes because their orbit permit the collection of multiple images throughout each day for any area within the sensor\u2019s field of regard. Assessing the capability to detect sub-diurnal changes in in-water properties caused by physical and biogeochemical processes characteristic of open ocean and coastal ocean ecosystems, however, requires an understanding of the uncertainties introduced by the instrument and\/or geophysical retrieval algorithms. This work presents a study of the uncertainties during the daytime period for an ocean region with characteristically low-productivity with the assumption that only small and undetectable changes occur in the in-water properties due to biogeochemical processes during the daytime period. The complete GOCI mission data were processed using NASA\u2019s SeaDAS\/l2gen package. The assumption of homogeneity of the study region was tested using three-day sequences and diurnal statistics. This assumption was found to hold based on the minimal diurnal and day-to-day variability in GOCI data products. Relative differences with respect to the midday value were calculated for each hourly observation of the day in order to investigate what time of the day the variability is greater. Also, the influence of the solar zenith angle in the retrieval of remote sensing reflectances and derived products was examined. Finally, we determined that the uncertainties in water-leaving \u201cremote-sensing\u201d reflectance (Rrs) for the 412, 443, 490, 555, 660 and 680 nm bands on GOCI are 8.05 \u00d7 10\u22124, 5.49 \u00d7 10\u22124, 4.48 \u00d7 10\u22124, 2.51 \u00d7 10\u22124, 8.83 \u00d7 10\u22125, and 1.36 \u00d7 10\u22124 sr\u22121, respectively, and 1.09 \u00d7 10\u22122 mg m\u22123 for the chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), 2.09 \u00d7 10\u22123 m\u22121 for the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at 412 nm (ag (412)), and 3.7 mg m\u22123 for particulate organic carbon (POC). These Rrs values can be considered the threshold values for detectable changes of the in-water properties due to biological, physical or biogeochemical processes from GOCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T11:19:58Z","timestamp":1549019998000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Uncertainties in the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) Remote Sensing Reflectance for Assessing Diurnal Variability of Biogeochemical Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0034-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Concha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Ecology Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"},{"name":"Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0938-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Mannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Ecology Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0293-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Ecology Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonkook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.marine.010908.163650","article-title":"A Decade of Satellite Ocean Color Observations","volume":"1","author":"McClain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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