{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T10:44:11Z","timestamp":1768733051512,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0604100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0604100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFA0601803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0601803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41476022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41476022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41490643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41490643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41575070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41575070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology","award":["2014r072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014r072"]}]},{"name":"Program for Innovation Research and Entrepreneurship team in Jiangsu Province","award":["2191061503801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2191061503801"]}]},{"name":"National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction","award":["GASI-03-IPOVAI-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-03-IPOVAI-05"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE 06-23011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE 06-23011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Ocean Mineral Resources R &amp; D Association","award":["DY135-E2-2-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DY135-E2-2-02"]}]},{"name":"China Ocean Mineral Resources R &amp; D Association","award":["DY135-E2-3-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DY135-E2-3-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using satellite remote sensing data and re-analysis products for the period of 1993\u20132015, the variation of a large anticyclonic eddy, the so-called Great Whirl (GW), located in the Northwest Indian Ocean off the coast of Somali, and its impacts on atmosphere were investigated. The GW is generated in early summer and decays in late fall every year. The center of the GW is located at 7.73\u00b0N, 53.20\u00b0E. The mean lifetime, sea level anomaly (SLA) difference, sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), radius, normalized vorticity, eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and deformation rate are 169 days, 0.07 m, 0.83 \u00b0C, 116.86 km, \u22120.53, 0.08      m 2  \u00b7  s  \u2212 2      , and 0.58, respectively. All these variables exhibit interannual variations. Composite analyses show that the maximum values of sea surface temperature (SST), wind, and water vapor anomalies occur in the northwest of the GW center. The fitting coefficient between the SST and wind speed anomaly is 1.1, indicating that, corresponding to 1 \u00b0C increases of the SST, the wind speed increases by about 1.1     m \u00b7  s  \u2212 1      , and the fitting coefficient between the SST and water vapor anomaly is 0.45, indicating that water vapor increases by about 0.45 mm in response to 1 \u00b0C increases in the SST. In the vertical direction, the maximum and minimum values of vertical velocity anomalies and vertical transport of transient zonal momentum occur over the GW at about 900 hPa, and wind speed anomalies occur at about 950 hPa. Both the positive transport anomalies of transient zonal momentum and the positive vertical velocity anomalies on the west side of the GW can accelerate the wind speed in the lower level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T11:51:12Z","timestamp":1549453872000},"page":"322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Variability of the Great Whirl and Its Impacts on Atmospheric Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6116-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7514-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingsong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6611(01)00083-0","article-title":"The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean","volume":"51","author":"Schott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. 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