{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T22:09:37Z","timestamp":1774908577961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kinematic characterization of a landslide at large, small, and detailed scale is today still rare and challenging, especially for long periods, due to the difficulty in implementing demanding ground surveys with adequate spatiotemporal coverage. In this work, the suitability of space-borne synthetic aperture radar sub-pixel offset tracking for the long-term monitoring of the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado (US) is investigated. This landslide is classified as a debris slide and has so far been monitored through ground surveys and, more recently, airborne remote sensing, while satellite images are scarcely exploited. The peculiarity of this landslide is that it is subject to displacements of several meters per year. Therefore, it cannot be monitored with traditional synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry, as this technique has limitations related to the loss of interferometric coherence and to the maximum observable displacement gradient\/rate. In order to overcome these limitations, space-borne synthetic aperture radar sub-pixel offset tracking is applied to pairs of images acquired with a time span of one year between August 2011 and August 2013. The obtained results are compared with those available in the literature, both at landslide scale, retrieved through field surveys, and at point scale, using airborne synthetic aperture radar imaging and GPS. The comparison showed full congruence with the past literature. A consistency check covering the full observation period is also implemented to confirm the reliability of the technique, which results in a cheap and effective methodology for the long-term monitoring of large landslide-induced movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T02:49:44Z","timestamp":1550026184000},"page":"369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Long-Term Satellite Monitoring of the Slumgullion Landslide Using Space-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Sub-Pixel Offset Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-4503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Amitrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Guida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Dell\u2019Aglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Benecon S.C.aR.L., Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 104, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Di Martire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Iodice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-geos., Via Tiburtina 965, 00156 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Malvarosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-geos., Via Tiburtina 965, 00156 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Minati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-geos., Via Tiburtina 965, 00156 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1130\/G32897.1","article-title":"Regional moisture balance control of landslide motion: Implications for landslide forecasting in a changing climate","volume":"40","author":"Coe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2345664","article-title":"COSMO-SkyMed Spotlight Interferometry Over Rural Areas: The Slumgullion Landslide in Colorado, USA","volume":"7","author":"Milillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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